Table 1.
Detection of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in natural samples with PCR and culture methods.
| Sample | No. of samples | No. of culture+vesamplesa (%) | No. of PCR+vesamples (%) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | ||||||
| Pig tonsils | 185 | 48 | (26) | 58 | (31) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [21] |
| 252 | 0 | 90 | (36) | Boyapalle et al. [22] | ||
| 24 | 15 | (63) | 18 | (75) | Nesbakken et al. [23] | |
| 829 | 411 | (50) | 0 | Martínez et al. [24] | ||
| 630 | 278 | (44) | 0 | Martínez et al. [25] | ||
| 212 | 72 | (34) | 186 | (88) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [26] | |
| Pig faeces | 255 | 0 | 80 | (31) | Boyapalle et al. [22] | |
| 24 | 3 | (13) | 3 | (13) | Nesbakken et al. [23] | |
| 2793 | 114 | (4) | 345 | (12) | Bhaduri et al. [27] | |
| 150 | 3 | (2) | 0 | Okwori et al. [10] | ||
| Mesenteric l. n. | 257 | 0 | 103 | (40) | Boyapalle et al. [22] | |
| 24 | 1 | (4) | 2 | (8) | Nesbakken et al. [23] | |
| Submaxillary l. n. | 24 | 1 | (4) | 3 | (13) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [20] |
| Sheep feces | 200 | 2 | (1) | 0 | Okwori et al. [10] | |
| Dog feces | 448 | 0 | 6 | (1) | Wang et al. [28] | |
| Food b | ||||||
| Pig tongues | 15 | 7 | (47) | 10 | (67) | Vishnubhatla et al. [29] |
| 99 | 79 | (80) | 82 | (83) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa and Korkeala [11] | |
| Pig offalc | 110 | 38 | (35) | 77 | (70) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [20] |
| Chitterlings | 350 | 8 | (2) | 278 | (79) | Boyapalle et al. [22] |
| Ground pork | 350 | 0 | 133 | (38) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [20] | |
| 100 | 32 | (32) | 47 | (47) | Vishnubhatla et al. [29] | |
| Ground beef | 100 | 23 | (23) | 31 | (31) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [20] |
| Minced pork | 255 | 4 | (2) | 63 | (25) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa and Korkeala [11] |
| Porkd | 300 | 6 | (2) | 50 | (17) | Johannessen et al. [30] |
| 91 | 6 | (7) | 9 | (10) | Lambertz & Danielsson-Tham [31] | |
| 62 | 0 | 20 | (32) | Grahek-Ogden et al. [32] | ||
| Chicken | 43 | 0 | 0 | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [11] | ||
| Fish | 150 | 0 | 0 | Okwori et al. [10] | ||
| Heated soup | 100 | 3 | (3) | Okwori et al. [10] | ||
| Cow milk | 250 | 3 | (1) | Okwori et al. [10] | ||
| Lettuce | 250 | 0 | 3 | (3) | Okwori et al. [10] | |
| Tofu | 50 | 0 | 6 | (12) | Vishnubhatla et al. [29] | |
| Vegetables | 27 | 1 | (4) | 4 | (15) | Cocolin & Comi [33] |
| Salad | 42 | 16 | (38) | 16 | (38) | Sakai et al. [34] |
| Environment | ||||||
| Water | 105 | 1 | (1) | 11 | (10) | Sandery et al. [35] |
| Slaughterhouse/ Farm | 89 | 5 | (6) | 12 | (13) | Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. [36] |
| 46 | 44 | (96) | 0 | Martínez et al. [24] | ||
| 45 | 31 | (61) | 0 | Martínez et al. [25] | ||
aPathogenicity of isolates confirmed, ball meat samples are raw, cliver, heart, kidney, dexcept pig offal & tongues, and +vepositive.