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Tat overrides cellular elongation control. Tat interacts directly with P-TEFb sequestered in the 7SK snRNP. This results in a conformational change of 7SK, ejecting HEXIM proteins, and preventing P-TEFb•HEXIM1•7SK reassembly. Tat•P-TEFb migrates to the TAR element contained within HIV's nascent transcript, binds, and acts upon DSIF and NELF, efficiently overcoming inhibition of transcription.
