Clinical evolution from the 7th to 45th day after birth of offspring born to hamster mothers infected at the chronic phase of the infection with Leishmania donovani (CHR-offs) or born to mothers infected during pregnancy (AC-offs) compared with offspring born to uninfected mothers (CTR-offs). A, Body weight at the end of lactation (21 days of birth) and after weaning at 45 days of age; CHR-offs and AC-offs had body weights similar to CTR-offs during lactation; after weaning, CHR-offs (n = 96) weighed significantly less than AC-offs (n = 68) or CTR-offs (n = 55) (**P < 0.001 each, by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test). B, Mortality of AC-offs and CHR-offs infected with L. panamensis (L.p.) or L. donovani (L.d.) was higher than that of controls (CTR-offs) (L. panamensis AC-offs, n = 104, P = 0.001; L. panamensis CHR-offs, n = 79, P = 0.0014; L. donovani AC-offs, n = 109, P < 0.0001; L. donovani CHR-offs, n = 47, P = 0.019; CTR-offs, n = 162, by Fisher's exact test). C, Hematocrit at 45 days of age; L. donovani CHR-offspring (n = 52) had significantly lower hematocrit than L. donovani AC-offs (n = 40; ***P < 0.0001, by Mann-Whitney test) or CTR-offs (n = 20) (**P = 0.0045, by Mann-Whitney test).