Table 3.

Mandible landmarks.

Number: right, left	Description
1, 21	Superolateral-most tip of the coronoid process
2, 22	Inferior-most point of the mandible notch
3, 23	Anterior-most tip of the condyle
4, 24	Lateral-most tip of the condyle
5, 25	Posterior-most tip of the condyle
6, 26	Medial-most tip of the condyle
7, 27	Superior-most tip on the articular surface of the condyle
8, 28	Deepest concavity of the posterior border of the ascending ramus
9, 29	Point opposite landmark 8/28, on the anterior border of the ascending ramus
10, 30	Apex of lingula, or, if lingula is undefinable or absent, the anterosuperior-most margin of the mandible foramen
11, 31	Point on the posterior border of the ramus just superior to the blending of the ramus into the gonial angle or the point at which a tangent leaves the posterior border of the ramus
12, 32	Posteriorly, the point on the gonial angle that is the apex of the (90°) angle formed by landmarks 11/31 and 13/33
13, 33	Inferiorly, the point along the gonial angle where a tangent leaves the inferior margin of the mandible
14, 34	Superiorly directed indentation of the inferior border of the mandible corpus, just anterior to landmark 13/33
15, 35	Point at which the ascending ramus meets and obscures the corpus, in lateral view along the alveolar bone
16, 36	Mental foramen, midpoint at the level of the surface of the mandible corpus
17, 37	Point on the alveolar border of the mandible corpus directly superior to landmark 16/36
18	Midpoint between the central incisors at the superior-most tip of the alveolar bone
19	Anterior-most projection of the subalveolar bone in the mental region along the midline
20	Symphyseal midpoint of the inferior margin of the mandible corpus, directly inferior to the areas of attachment of the geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles