hESCs were transfected with pre-miR-125b (pre-125b) or anti-miR-125b inhibitor (anti-125b), cultured in differentiation medium for 2 days, and analyzed for expression of pluripotency or early germ layer mRNAs by qPCR. Overexpression of pre-125b suppressed the expression of pluripotency markers, Nanog and Oct4, in undifferentiated hESCs and induced premature expression of the early mesodermal marker, Brachyury. Anti-125b promoted the expression of Nanog and Oct4 at day 2 of differentiation, and conversely inhibited the normal expression of Brachury at this time point. AFP, α-fetoprotein. Data shown are mean±s.e.m. (N = 3). *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01.