Table 1. The Worldwide Abundance, Burden of Disease, Distribution, and Control/Elimination Programmes of Human Helminthiases.
| Infection | Causal Agent | Region with Highest No. Infected | Number Infected (Millions) | DALYs (Millions) | Number of Deaths/Year (Thousands) | Programmes Involved |
| Onchocerciasis | Onchocerca volvulus | SSA | 37 | 1.5a | 0.05 (in the OCP area)b | OCP, APOC, OEPA |
| Lymphatic filariasis | Wuchereria bancrofti; Brugia malayi | India, SEA, SSA | 120 | 5.8 | 0.4 | GPELF |
| Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides | Asia, Africa, LA | 1,221–1,472c | 1.8–10.5c | 3–60c | PPC, DtW, GPELF, SCI |
| Trichuriasis | Trichuris trichiura | Asia, Africa, LA | 759–1,050c | 1.0–6.4c | 3–10c | PPC, DtW, GPELF, SCI |
| Hookworm infection | Necator americanus; Ancylostoma duodenale | Asia, Africa, LA | 740–1,300c | 0.1–22.1c | 3–65c | PPC, DtW, GPELF, SCI |
| Schistosomiasis | S. mansoni S. haematobium S. japonicum | SSA, LASSAChina, SEA | 207 | 1.7–4.5c | 15–280c | SCI in SSA; national programmes elsewhere |
| Food-borne trematodiases | Clonorchis sinensis; Opisthorchis viverinni; Paragonimus spp.; Fasciolop-sis buski; Fasciola hepatica | East Asia | 56d | 0.5–0.9d | 7d | Large-scale control initiatives lacking |
| Cestode infections: cysticercosis | Taenia solium | SSA, Asia, LA | 0.4 (LA only) | ND | ND | Large-scale control initiatives are lacking |
Modified from references [2], .
a
From Remme et al. [10].
b
From Little et al. [120].
c
From Utzinger and Keiser [14].
d
From Fürst et al. [36].
Abbreviations: SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; SEA, Southeast Asia; LA, Latin America; OCP, Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (1975–2002); APOC, African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (1995–ongoing); OEPA, Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (1993–ongoing); GPELF, Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (2002–ongoing); PPC, Partners for Parasite Control (2001–ongoing); DtW, Deworm the World (2007–ongoing); SCI, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (2002–ongoing).