Table 1. Helminth Infections Emphasised by DRG4 for Development of a Research Agenda for Control and Elimination.

Helminth Infection	Causative Agent(s)	At-Risk Population (Millions)	No. of People Infected (Millions)	No. of People with Morbidity (Millions)	No. of Deaths per Year (Thousands)	Global Burden (Thousand DALYs)	Reference(s)
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides	5,416	807–1,221	350	3–60	1,817–10,500	[10], [11], [17]
Trichuriasis	Trichuris trichiura	5,307	604–795	220	3–10	1,006–6,400	[10], [11], [17]
Hookworm infection	Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus	5,346	576–740	150	3–65	59–22,100	[10], [11], [17]
Strongyloidiasis	Strongyloides stercoralis	n.d.	30–100	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	[10]
Lymphatic filariasis	Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori	>1,000	120	43	0	5,777	[11], [14]
Schistosomiasisa	Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni	779	207	120	15–280	1,702–4,500	[11], [12]
Food-borne trematodiasis
Clonorchiasis	Clonorchis sinensis	601	15.3	1.1	5.6	275	[13], [16]
Paragonimiasis	Paragonimus spp.	292	23.2	5.3	0.2	197	[13], [16]
Fascioliasis	Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica	91	2.6	0.3	0	35	[13], [16]
Opisthorchiasis	Opisthorchis felineus and O. viverrini	80	8.4	0.3	1.3	74	[13], [16]
Intestinal fluke infections	Echinostoma spp., Fasciolopsis buski, Metagonimus spp., and Heterophyidae	n.d.	6.7	0.9	0	84	[13], [16]
Onchocerciasis	Onchocerca volvulus	120	37	n.d.	0.05 (in the OCP area)	484	[9], [14]
Cysticercosis/taeniasis	Taenia solium and T. saginata	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	>2,000	[15]

^aListed are the three main schistosome species parasitising humans; of lesser importance are S. guineenisis and S. intercalatum (both restricted to West and Central Africa) and S. mekongi (restricted to Cambodia and Lao PDR).

DALY, disability-adjusted life year; n.d., not determined; OCP, Onchocerciasis Control Programme.