Table 1.
Overview of LC- and GC-based methods for the measurement of MDA
| Detection technique | Separation technology | Derivatization reagent (derivatization time) | Matrix | Sample preparation | LOD | Comment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV | RP–LC (C18) | – | Serum (S) | Protein precipitation with HClO4 | 12 nM | Total MDA levels (bound and unbound MDA) | [20] |
| UV | RP–LC (C18) | Diaminonaphthalene (180 min) |
Plasma (P) S |
Protein precipitation (metaphosphoric acid) | 0.05 nM | Free and total MDA levels | [32] |
| UV | RP–LC (C18) | DNPH (60 min) | Urine (U) | Liquid liquid extraction (LLE) after derivatization | 56 nM | Free MDA levels, standard addition quantitation | [23] |
| UV | RP–LC (C18) | DNPH (10 min) | P | Protein precipitation with HClO4, LLE after derivatization | 2.1 μM | Total MDA levels (bound and unbound MDA) | [27] |
| MS(MS) | RP–LC (porous graphite—Hypercarb) | – |
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) U P |
EBC and U—SPE, P–protein precipitation |
0.4 nM (EBC) 1.3 nM (U) 0.4 nM (P) |
Free MDA levels | [22] |
| MS | RP–LC (C18) | 4-APC (240 min) |
P U |
P–Protein precipitation (ACN) On-line SPE (WCX) |
0.5 nM (standard solution) | Free MDA levels | [36] |
| MS(MS) | RP–LC (C18) | DNPH-d3-DNPH (120 min) | EBC | – | n.d. | AIDA quantification | [34] |
| FD | RP–LC (CN) | 2-Aminoacridone (90 min) | U | – | 1.8 nM | Free MDA levels, standard addition quantification | [33] |
| FD | RP–LC (C18) | TBA (60 min) |
U P |
LLE after derivatization | 128 nM | Total MDA levels (free and bound MDA) | [25] |
| FD | RP–LC (C18) | Dansylhydrazine | Tissue homogenate (mouse) | Automated SPAD | 0.02 μg/mL | Automated SPAD system (standard addition quantification) | [30] |
| FD | RP–LC (C18) | FMOC-hydrazine (240 min) | P | Protein precipitation (ACN) | 4.0 nM | Free and total MDA levels | [28] |
| MS | GC | Pentafluorophenylhydrazine (10 min) | U | Head space injection | 0.56 nM | – | [37] |
| MS (SIM) | GC | Phenylhydrazine (30 min) |
P Microsomes |
LLE with or without previous hydrolysis/protein precipitation | 5 pmol injected | Free and total MDA levels | [16] |
| MS | GC | 2,2,2-Trifluoroethylhydrazine (40 min) | Blood | Head space–SPME | 5.6 nM | – | [38] |
| NPD | GC | Methylhydrazine (60 min) | Cod liver oil treated with Fenton’s reagent | Head space–SPME | 0.01 μM | – | [39] |
| ECD | GC | TCPH (60 min) | P (defatted) | LLE after derivatization + drying step over sodium sulfate | 0.05 μM | – | [40] |
| ECD | GC | O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorbenzyl)hydroxylamine (60 min) | U (rat) | LLE after derivatization + drying step over sodium sulfate | 50 fmol | Total MDA | [43] |
n.d. Not determined, SIM selected ion monitoring, RP reversed phase