Table 1.
Demographic and biochemical parameters among normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without metabolic syndrome subjects.
| Parameters | Normal (n = 131) | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Without MetS (n = 76) | With MetS (n = 227) | ||
| Gender % | |||
| Male/female | 34.6/65.4 | 56.6/43.4 | 42.7/57.3 |
| Races % | |||
| Malay | 52.3 | 47.4 | 49.8 |
| Chinese | 33.75 | 23.7 | 14.5 |
| Indian | 13.75 | 28.9 | 35.7 |
| Age (years) | 49.1 ± 12.6 | 50.7 ± 9.0 | 51.9 ± 6.9 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 30.0 ± 4.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.9 ± 11.0 | 83.5 ± 10.3 | 98.9 ± 8.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.4 ± 9.0 | 79.8 ± 9.4 | 83.7 ± 10.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 18 | 131 ± 18 | 138 ± 18 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.56 | 1.55 ± 1.21 | 1.98 ± 1.25 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 0.37 | 1.24 ± 0.31 | 1.17 ± 0.27 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.04 ± 0.51 | 8.55 ± 3.34 | 8.20 ± 3.15 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 53.3 ± 35.5 | 89.4 ± 85.9 | 150 ± 104 |
| Insulin resistance (IR) | 1.00 ± 0.66 | 1.82 ± 1.68 | 3.00 ± 1.98 |
The result presented as mean ± standard deviation. MetS: metabolic syndrome. T: total.