Table 3.
Characteristics of Patients With HAI
| % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | HAI | Sepsis | Pneumonia | Staphylococcus |
Clostridium difficile |
|
| No. (%) of patientsa | 148 880 | 7011 (4.50) | 2955 (1.90) | 2479 (1.59) | 3803 (2.44) | 768 (0.49) |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 57 (34–78) | 53 (32–74) | 58 (38–77) | 47 (27–66) | 49 (31–71) | 69 (45–82) |
| Female | 48.0 | 33.4 | 33.8 | 24.6 | 32.3 | 47.7 |
| Injury mechanism | ||||||
| Blunt trauma | 48.5 | 43.5 | 44.8 | 36.0 | 43.9 | 51.2 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 18.4 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 35.2 | 22.7 | 17.4 |
| Gunshot wound | 3.6 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 2.5 |
| Stab wound | 3.1 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 6.0 | 1.8 |
| Pedestrian trauma | 7.4 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 15.6 | 11.0 | 6.10 |
| Low fall | 19.0 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 7.1 | 11.8 | 21.0 |
| Body regionb | ||||||
| Head | 27.1 | 51.1 | 50.7 | 72.9 | 49.0 | 40.9 |
| Face | 7.1 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 14.0 | 9.1 | 6.4 |
| Chest | 23.7 | 36.1 | 36.7 | 50.9 | 33.2 | 27.8 |
| Abdomen | 18.7 | 23.0 | 26.3 | 24.8 | 19.9 | 20.8 |
| Extremity | 58.4 | 39.0 | 38.1 | 30.6 | 39.2 | 43.3 |
| Superficial | 14.2 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 9.6 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 7.6 | 11.7 | 15.6 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 18.2 |
| Valvular disease | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.7 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 1.43 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 5.1 |
| Hypertension | 36.2 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 20.7 | 27.2 | 39.0 |
| Renal failure | 4.1 | 7.1 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 11.8 |
| Liver disease | 1.4 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 1.4 |
| Paralysis | 2.5 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
| Other neurologic disorder | 6.3 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 9.5 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 12.5 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 19.1 |
| Diabetes | 12.4 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 7.4 | 9.8 | 11.6 |
| Diabetes, chronic complications | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 5.8 |
| Hypothyroidism | 7.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 7.4 |
| Lymphoma | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.64 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.52 |
| Metastatic cancer | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.91 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 0.82 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.32 | 0.74 | 2.60 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.89 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Coagulation deficiency | 2.7 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Obesity | 3.8 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 3.6 |
| Weight loss | 1.8 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 14.2 | 8.5 | 11.2 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 14.5 | 33.3 | 38.3 | 37.6 | 29.8 | 37.3 |
| Blood loss anemia | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.5 |
| Deficiency anemia | 10.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 13.1 | 18.1 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Alcohol abuse | 9.1 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 16.8 | 13.6 | 9.9 |
| Drug abuse | 4.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 3.3 |
| Psychoses | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| Depression | 7.1 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 8.3 |
Abbreviations: HAI, hospital-acquired infection; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Groups are not mutually exclusive (eg, patients in the sepsis group could also have a Staphylococcus infection).
b
Groups are not mutually exclusive. Patients could have injuries in more than 1 body region.