Table 1.
Individual and Family Characteristics and Tobacco Use Risk Factors of the of 3,470 Youth Aged 12–17 years, Proportion of Current Smokers by These Characteristics, and Proportion of Never-Smokers Susceptible to Future Smoking by These Characteristics, Jujuy, Argentina, 2006
| Total sample (N = 3,470) Percenta | N and % current smokers by each variable N (%) | N of never-smokers and % susceptible to future smoking by each variableb N (%) | |
| Individual characteristics (N) | |||
| Age | |||
| ≤14 (163) | 5 | 43 (26)** | 79 (58) |
| 15 (1,943) | 56 | 573 (29) | 870 (64) |
| 16 (864) | 25 | 328 (37) | 319 (68) |
| 17 (480) | 14 | 226 (47) | 157 (59) |
| Gender | |||
| Boys (1,635) | 47 | 616 (38)** | 648 (64) |
| Girls (1,835) | 53 | 554 (30) | 777 (64) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Indigenous (2,321) | 67 | 790 (34) | 947 (66)* |
| European (306) | 9 | 102 (33) | 135 (53) |
| Mixed (740) | 21 | 240 (32) | 305 (65) |
| Work during class period | |||
| Yes (495) | 14 | 229 (46)** | 159 (64) |
| No (2,953) | 85 | 934 (32) | 1256 (64) |
| Religion: Catholic | |||
| Yes (2,913) | 84 | 1011 (35)** | 1157 (67)** |
| No (538) | 16 | 155 (29) | 256 (52) |
| Ever repeated a grade | |||
| Yes (1,440) | 42 | 632 (44)** | 483 (71)** |
| No (2,013) | 58 | 535 (27) | 932 (61) |
| Family characteristics | |||
| Parental education | |||
| No education (196) | 6 | 73 (37)** | 81 (69)* |
| Elementary school (1,413) | 41 | 503 (36) | 562 (68) |
| High school (1,122) | 32 | 391 (35) | 462 (62) |
| More than high school (711) | 20 | 188 (26) | 313 (58) |
| Parental employment status | |||
| Employed (2,542) | 73 | 826 (32)** | 1073 (63) |
| Welfare (474) | 14 | 170 (36) | 184 (66) |
| Unemployed (165) | 5 | 46 (28) | 72 (68) |
| Retired (251) | 7 | 106 (42) | 84 (64) |
| Two parents in household | |||
| Yes (2,286) | 66 | 721 (32)** | 1012 (64) |
| No (1,180) | 34 | 446 (38) | 413 (65) |
| Other risk factors | |||
| Parent(s) smoke at home | |||
| Yes (1,628) | 47 | 638 (39)** | 588 (69)** |
| No (1,798) | 52 | 524 (29) | 816 (61) |
| Friends who smoke | |||
| None (381) | 11 | 21 (6)** | 263 (44)** |
| One to four friends smoke (770) | 22 | 184 (24) | 369 (67) |
| Five or more friends smoke (1,991) | 57 | 858 (43) | 655 (72) |
| Alcohol use in previous week | |||
| Yes (1,233) | 36 | 810 (66)** | 188 (81)** |
| No (2,161) | 62 | 330 (15) | 1217 (61) |
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| Yes (1,332) | 38 | 517 (39)** | 482 (72)** |
| No (2,054) | 59 | 632 (31) | 903 (60) |
| Thrill-seeking attitude | |||
| Yes (454) | 13 | 215 (47)** | 142 (73)* |
| No (3,001) | 86 | 948 (32) | 1278 (63) |
| High SML (1,302) | 38 | 404 (31)** | 557 (61)* |
| Low SML (2,168) | 62 | 766 (35) | 868 (66) |
Note. Significance level indicated as follows: **p < .01. *p < .05. SML = smoking media literacy.
a
Totals may not add to 100% due to missing data.
b
Five students with unknown susceptibility status were not included.