Table 1.
Type of Neuronal Plasticity | Timing of Exposurea | Speciesb | Region Affected | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long-term potentiation | I-II, III, I-III | R, GP | Hippocampus | 1,2,3 | ||
Long-term depression | I-II, III | M | Hippocampus, cerebellum | 4,5 | ||
Ocular dominance plasticity | III | F, M | Visual cortex | 6,7 | ||
Barrel cortex plasticity | I-II | R | Somatosensory cortex | 8 | ||
Eyeblink conditioning | III | R | Hippocampus, cerebellum, inferior olivary nucleus | 9 | ||
Water maze performance | III | R, GP | Hippocampus | 3,10,11 | ||
Fear conditioning | I-III, III | R, M | Hippocampus, amygdala | 12,13,14 | ||
Lesion-induced plasticity | I-II | R | Olfactory tubercle, hippocampus | 15,16 | ||
Olfactory response to alcohol | I-II | R | Olfactory bulb, trigeminal system | 17 |
Equivalents to trimesters of human gestation.
R = rats; M = mice; GP = guinea pig; F = ferret.
Downward arrows = Decrease of function. Upward arrows = Increase of function. Gray star = Servais and others (2007) showed that LTD at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses was converted to LTP.
References: 1 = Puglia and Valenzuela (2010); 2 = Sutherland and others (1997); 3 = Richardson and others (2002); 4 = Servais and others (2007); 5 = Izumi and others (2005); 6 = Medina and others (2003); 7 = Medina and Ramoa (2005); 8 = Rema and Ebner (1999); 9 = Stanton and Goodlett (1998); 10 = Goodlett and Johnson (1997); 11 = Girard and others (2000); 12 = Ieraci and Herrera (2006); 13 = Murawski and Stanton (2010); 14 = Savage and others (2010); 15 = Gottesfeld and others (1989); 16 = West and others (1984); 17 = Youngentob and Glendinning (2009).