Table 3.

Effects of sleep deprivation on brain areas related to oddball detection.

	Brain region	Brodmann areas, deep nuclei	Cluster size (voxel)	Peak voxel
				Z score	x	y	z
SDALERT > NN
R	Middle/superior occipital G (pre-)cuneus	19, 39	1895	5.09	42	−82	16
R	Insula, inferior frontal G	13, 25, 47	749	3.92	22	22	−6
L	Insula, transverse temporal G, medial/lateral globus pallidus, putamen	13	646	3.75	−38	−16	2
NN > SDSLEEPY
L/C/R	Pre-/paracentral G, left postcentral G, cingulate G, middle/medial frontal G, left inferior parietal L, central superior frontal G	6, 24, 31, 32, L1–L4, L8, L40	7043	5.10	−14	−8	52
R	Pre-/postcentral G, inferior frontal G	3, 4, 43–45, 47	1323	4.02	54	4	14
SDALERT > SDSLEEPY
L/C/R	Pre-/para-/postcentral G, cingulate G, precuneus, superior parietal G, lentiform Nuc, claustrum, left superior temporal G, central superior frontal G, medial frontal G	3–7, 24, 31–32, L1–L2, L13, L22, L25, L40–L47	12062	4.72	26	−42	52
R	Superior frontal G	8–10	843	4.60	28	46	32
R	Subcallosal G, transverse/middle/superior temporal G, insula, pre-/postcentral G, inferior frontal G, inferior parietal L, claustrum, lateral globus pallidus	1–4, 11, 13, 21–22, 25, 37–44, 47	7482	4.47	54	−26	38
L	Superior/middle frontal G	9–10	758	3.81	−28	34	30

Clusters resulting from second level random effects analysis (p_FWE,cluster < 0.05, collection threshold p < 0.005) showing pair-wise post hoc comparison between the three conditions (NN, SD_alert, SD_sleepy). Sorting is after Z-values of the cluster peak voxel. Coordinates are given in MNI space. L, left; C, central; R, right; G, gyrus; L, lobule; Nuc, nucleus.