Table 3.
Associations between clinical features and death, CKD, and arterial vascular events
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P Value | 95% Mid-P CI | Mid-P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 outcome: death | ||||
| RVLa | 0.21 | 0.21 | ||
| AS versus control | 3.65 (0.66, 38.78) | 0.19 | (0.77, 27.39) | 0.11 |
| TMA versus control | 12.18 (0.59, 268.30) | 0.12 | (0.88, 178.73) | 0.06 |
| LV versus control | 3.21 (0.03, 222.9) | 1.00 | (0.06, 131.87) | 0.55 |
| UVID versus control | 4.08 (0.20, 81.4) | 0.50 | (0.30, 54.86) | 0.28 |
| age at the time of biopsy (>35 versus ≤35 yr) | 3.31 (0.84, 16.64) | 0.10 | (0.95, 13.74) | 0.06 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB use within 1 year postrenal biopsy | 0.09 (0.01, 0.61) | 0.006 | (0.01, 0.52) | 0.003 |
| SLEDAI (>12 versus ≤12) | 5.39 (1.17, 30. 22) | 0.03 | (1.36, 24.64) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 outcome: vascular events | ||||
| RVL | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||
| AS versus control | 0.76 (0.07, 10.98) | 1.00 | (0.10, 7.57) | 0.78 |
| TMA versus control | 5.62 (0.24, 149.8) | 0.40 | (0.36, 97.85) | 0.21 |
| LV versus control | 11.73 (0.12, 768.28) | 0.37 | (0.24, 444.04) | 0.19 |
| UVID versus control | 6.24 (0.42, 141.20) | 0.25 | (0.57, 93.07) | 0.14 |
| age at time of biopsy (>35 versus ≤35 yr) | 1.55 (0.32, 8.94) | 0.79 | (0.37, 7.27) | 0.56 |
| smoker | 5.69 (0.95, 42.24) | 0.06 | (1.15, 32.79) | 0.03 |
| 24-hour proteinuria (≥4.4 versus <4.4 g/d) | 5.62 (1.06, 34.49) | 0.04 | (1.26, 27.87) | 0.02 |
| class V lupus nephritis | 0.18 (0.01, 1.25) | 0.10 | (0.02, 1.04) | 0.05 |
| Model 3 outcome: CKDb | ||||
| RVL | 0.49 | 0.49 | ||
| AS versus control | 0.48 (0.14, 1.54) | 0.26 | (0.16, 1.39) | 0.18 |
| TMA versus control | 0.27 (0.02, 2.84) | 0.38 | (0.03, 2.16) | 0.22 |
| LV versus control | 0.19 (0.01, 4.37) | 0.42 | (0.01, 2.91) | 0.23 |
| UVID versus control | 0.65 (0.07, 7.49) | 1.00 | (0.09, 5.54) | 0.68 |
| age at time of biopsy (>35 versus ≤35 yr) | 0.93 (0.33, 2.49) | 1.00 | (0.36, 2.30) | 0.88 |
| eGFR (≥90 versus <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.43) | <0.001 | (0.05, 0.40) | <0.001 |
| MAP (>100 versus ≤100 mmHg) | 3.56 (1.28, 10.57) | 0.01 | (1.39, 9.56) | 0.01 |
Multivariate analysis was used to determine associations, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Variables for the model were selected according to clinical relevance and statistical significance as well as goodness of fit criteria for model assessment. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; RVL, renal vascular lesion; AS, arterial sclerosis on renal biopsy; TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy on renal biopsy; LV, lupus vasculopathy on renal biopsy; UVID, uncomplicated vascular immune deposits on renal biopsy; ACE or ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index within 3 months of renal biopsy; eGFR, estimated GFR; MAP, mean arterial pressure.
Global significance of RVL in the model.
CKD defined as estimated creatinine clearance calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group equation ≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 on two or more occasions.