Table 4.

Published estimates of mortality risk reductions with frequent dialysis

Reference	Modality	Sample Size	Mortality Ratea	Adjustment Technique	Relative Risk (95% CI)
Johansen et al.7	NHD	94	74	Propensity score matchingb	0.36 (0.22–0.61)
	SDHD	43	91	Propensity score matchingb	0.64 (0.31–1.31)
Miller et al.8	SDHD	190	69	Indirect standardizationc	0.39 (0.22–0.64)
Kjellstrand et al.9	SDHD	415	84	Indirect standardizationd	0.34 (0.20–0.54)
Agar et al.10	NHD	72	65	Indirect standardizatione	0.42 (0.15–0.91)
Blagg et al.11	SDHD	117	76	Indirect standardizationf	0.39 (0.19–0.51)

NHD, nocturnal hemodialysis; SDHD, short daily hemodialysis.

^aPer 1000 patient-years.

^bScored by age, race, sex, primary ESRD cause, ESRD duration, BMI, number of cardiovascular comorbid conditions, Medicaid status, and cumulative admissions and days for all-cause, cardiovascular-related, and vascular access-related hospitalizations during a maximum of 12 months preceding follow-up.

^cStandardized by age, race, and sex.

^dStandardized by age and primary ESRD cause.

^eStandardized by age, race, sex, primary ESRD cause, and ESRD duration.

^fStandardized by age, race, sex, and primary ESRD cause.