Table 2.

Participant Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria:

1. DBS tested HIV positive by PCR from a child <18 months of age

2. If DBS for PCR is collected from a child at different time points, these should be clearly labeled with a unique ID so that the child is not counted more than twice. The most recent DBS specimen from the child is selected for genotyping.

3. At least 1 viable remnant spot is available (2–4 DBSs optimal)

4. From time of blood draw, DBS has been stored no longer than 14 days at ambient temperature, then stored at −20°C or −80°C with no thawing before genotyping.

Exclusion criteria:

1. DBS from children ≥18 months of age

2. Child is receiving ≥3 ARV drugs for the purpose of treatment of HIV at time of specimen collection

Abbreviations: ARV, antiretroviral; DBS, dried blood spot; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.