Figure 1. Effect of gal-1 treatment started during the pre-clinical phase (day 3 post infection) on SK severity and cellular infiltration.

C57BL/6 mice infected with 1×10⁴ PFU of HSV-1 RE were given gal-1 i.p. once daily starting from day 3 until day 12 post infection. The disease severity and immune parameters were evaluated at day 15 post infection. A. Disease progression is shown. B–C. SK lesion severity and angiogenesis at day 15 post infection are shown. D. At the indicated time points, eyes of HSV infected mice were swabbed with a sterile swab and assayed for infectious virus by standard plaque assay. E. Three corneas were pooled per sample, group wise and digested by liberase and stained with antibodies. Representative histograms show percentage of leukocytes (CD45⁺), neutrophils (11b⁺ Ly6G⁺) and CD4⁺ T cells in the inflamed cornea of control and gal-1 treated animals at day 15 post infection. F–H. Average no. of (F) CD45⁺ cells, (G) 11b⁺ Gr1^hi and (H) CD4⁺ T cells per cornea at indicated time point are shown. I. Representative plots show percentage of CD4⁺ cells producing IFN-γ or IL-17 following stimulation with CD3/CD28 in the cornea of infected animals. Plots shown were gated on CD4⁺ T cells. J–K. Average no. of CD4 cells producing (J) IFN-γ and (K) IL-17 in the cornea are shown. The level of significance was determined by Student’s t test (unpaired). Error bars represent mean ± S.E.M. n = 4–5 corneas. n= 6–7 mice per group. Experiments were repeated at least three times.