Table 5. Cox regression of the effects of individual comorbidities on overall mortality.

Characteristic	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval	P-value
Age	1.04	1.04–1.04	<0.001
Female	0.72	0.68–0.77	<0.001
PaO2 air	0.88	0.85–0.91	<0.001
FEV1	0.81	0.75–0.87	<0.001
Past smoking*	1.08	0.95–1.23	0.228
Current smoking*	1.36	1.10–1.69	0.005
Start year	1.00	1.00–1.01	0.300
All cancers	1.28	1.17–1.41	<0.001
Anemia	1.31	1.12–1.52	<0.001
Arrhythmia	1.24	1.14–1.36	<0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	1.01	0.88–1.16	0.914
Diabetes mellitus	1.11	1.00–1.24	0.060
Heart failure	1.10	1.03–1.17	0.006
Hypertension	1.03	0.93–1.14	0.591
Ischemic heart disease	1.12	1.04–1.21	0.004
Mental disorder	1.17	1.05–1.31	0.005
Osteoporosis	1.30	1.15–1.47	<0.001
Pulmonary embolism	1.20	0.96–1.50	0.101
Renal failure	1.11	0.87–1.43	0.394
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.15	0.93–1.42	0.197

^*Never smoking is used as reference category.