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. 2012 Apr 25;7(4):e35319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035319

Table 3. A multi-level logistic regression was performed using age, gender, education, literacy, and income to predict mobile phone ownership.

Estimate OR z value p-value Std. Error
Age Inline graphic −0.0836 0.92 −15.3420 0.0000 0.0055
Gender Inline graphic 0.2551 1.29 9.0000 0.0000 0.0283
Education Inline graphic −0.5159 0.60 −40.8650 0.0000 0.0126
Literacy Inline graphic 0.4522 1.57 21.4810 0.0000 0.0211
Income Inline graphic −0.0400 0.96 −21.9030 0.0000 0.0018

The coefficient, odds ratio (OR), standard error, z-value, and p-value for each regressor are shown below. Education was the strongest predictor of mobile phone ownership, whereas income and age had little predictive ability.