Table 1.
Summary of published studies employing the minimal model
| Study (published reference) |
Model version/features | Subject pool/study conditions | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belozeroff et al. (2002) | Original minimal closed-loop Model | SDB subjects studied in wakefulness before and after long-term CPAP therapy; comparison of compliant vs. non-compliant subjects | RCC and ABR gains increased while DER and CID gains decreased in compliant subjects; CID gain showed a tendency to increase in non-compliant subjects |
| Belozeroff et al. (2003) | Original minimal closed-loop Model | SDB subjects and normal controls studied during wakefulness in supine & standing postures | Reduced ABR and RCC gains, but higher CID gain in SDB subjects; both groups show decreases in ABR and RCC gains and increases in CID gain with change in supine to standing |
| Jo et al. (2003) | Original minimal closed-loop Model | SDB subjects and normal controls studied during wakefulness and sleep under bilevel pressure ventilation (used to broaden bandwidth of breathing pattern) | RCC and ABR gains lower in SDB subjects vs. normal controls; RCC gain unchanged with sleep in both groups; ABR gain increased with sleep in normals but remained unchanged in SDB subjects |
| Jo et al. (2007) | Nonlinear dynamics added to RCC and ABR components; assumed interaction between RCC and ABR gains | SDB subjects and normal controls studied during wakefulness and sleep under bilevel pressure ventilation (used to broaden bandwidth of breathing pattern) | Nonlinear ABR gain and magnitude of interaction between ABR and RCC lower in SDB subjects in all sleep-wake states |
| Blasi et al. (2002, 2006) | Time-varying dynamics incorporated into all components of minimal closed-loop model | Responses to acoustically induced arousals studied in normal and SDB subjects during NREM and REM sleep | RCC gain increased during arousal in NREM but not in REM sleep; ABR gain increased transiently during arousal in both sleep states but subsequently fell below pre-arousal levels. No significant changes in RCC and ABR gains with arousal in SDB subjects |
| Lin et al. (2004) | Minimal closed-loop model | Subjects with CCHS and age-matched controls studied during wakefulness in supine and standing postures | Substantially lower RCC and ABR gains in CCHS subjects; postural change from supine to standing lowered RCC and ABR gains further |
| Lin et al. (2005) | Minimal closed-loop model | Pediatric subjects with SDB and age-matched normal controls studied during wakefulness | ABR gain lower in SDB subjects, but no differences with controls in gains of other model components; postural change from supine to standing led to decreases in ABR and RCC gains in both subject groups |