Table 1.

Summary of immunosenescence features

Cell type	Changes with aging
Neutrophils	Reduced phagocytosis
	Reduced reactive oxygen species production
	Defect in apoptotic cell death
Eosinophils	Reduced degranulation
	Reduced superoxide production
Mast cells	Reduced degranulation
	Dysregulations in function
Monocytes/macrophages	Reduced phagocytosis
	Reduced cytokine and chemokine secretion
	Reduced generation of nitric oxide and superoxide
Dendritic cells	Reduced phagocytosis and pinocytosis
	Increased IL-6 and TNF-alfa production
	Diminished TLR expression and function
	Dysregulations in function
T cells	Reduced response and proliferation
	Reduced CD28 expression
	Reduced TCR diversity
	Reduced signal transduction
	Dysregulations in function
B cells	Production of low-affinity antibodies
	Increased oligoclonal expansion
	Decline in serum total IgE values
	Reduced surface MHC class II molecule expression
	Dysregulations in function
Epitelial cells	Impaired production of cytokines
	Decreased clearance of particles
NK cells and NKT cells	Reduced numbers or increased in several tissues Reduced cytotoxicity and proliferation

Adapted from [4-7]