Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (n=2,155)
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gendera | ||||
| Male | 50.7 (2.0) | 49.6 (3.1) | 50.0 (3.0) | 50.4 (1.2) |
| Female | 49.3 (2.0) | 50.4 (3.1) | 50.0 (3.0) | 49.6 (1.2) |
| Ethnicity/racea | ||||
| Mexican American | 12.5 (2.0) | 11.7 (2.4) | 14.6 (2.7) | 12.7 (2.0) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 72.5 (2.8) | 73.4 (4.3) | 65.3 (4.1) | 71.3 (3.0) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 15.1 (1.9) | 14.9 (2.5) | 20.2 (2.6) | 16.0 (2.0) |
| Property income ratio (PIR)a | ||||
| PIR 0≥ and <1 | 16.8 (1.5) | 19.6 (3.1) | 20.1 (2.1) | 17.9 (1.6) |
| PIR ≥1 and <2 | 20.4 (1.7) | 17.7 (2.7) | 21.8 (2.9) | 20.1 (1.5) |
| PIR ≥2 and <3 | 15.4 (1.4) | 26.3 (3.1) | 27.0 (3.9) | 19.6 (1.3) |
| PIR ≥3 and <4 | 14.1 (1.1) | 17.3 (2.9) | 12.8 (2.7) | 14.5 (1.2) |
| PIR ≥4 and <5 | 12.8 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.8) | 10.5 (1.4) |
| PIR ≥5 | 20.5 (2.0) | 13.4 (3.2) | 10.5 (2.3) | 17.3 (1.7) |
| Smoking statusa | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 89.9 (1.1) | 89.0 (3.0) | 86.5 (2.9) | 89.1 (1.3) |
| Smoker | 10.1 (1.1) | 11.0 (3.0) | 13.5 (2.9) | 10.9 (1.3) |
| Age (years)b | 14.3 (0.2) | 14.0 (0.2) | 13.9 (0.2) | 14.2 (0.1) |
| Body mass index (BMI) z-scoreb | −0.04 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.0) | 2.1 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm)b | 71.2 (0.4) | 83.3 (0.6) | 98.9 (0.8) | 78.6 (0.5) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes/day)b | 38.9 (1.9) | 36.0 (2.4) | 31.8 (2.0) | 37.0 (1.5) |
| Energy (kcal)b | 2,429 (34.6) | 2,123 (73.0) | 2,066 (53.5) | 2,304 (29.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)b | 106.3 (0.5) | 107.7 (1.2) | 112.6 (0.7) | 107.7 (0.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)b | 59.5 (0.6) | 56.0 (1.3) | 59.2 (0.9) | 58.8 (0.6) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL)b | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.0) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)b | 0.9 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.0) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)b | 4.1 (0.1) | 4.3 (0.1) | 4.3 (0.1) | 4.2 (0.0) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)b | 1.5 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.0) | 1.2 (0.0) | 1.4 (0.0) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)b | 2.3 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.6 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.0) |
| Glycohemoglobin (%)b,c | 5.1 (0.0) | 5.1 (0.0) | 5.1 (0.0) | 5.1 (0.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)b,c | 5.1 (0.1) | 5.0 (0.0) | 5.2 (0.1) | 5.1 (0.0) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L)b,c | 48.9 (1.9) | 67.2 (2.9) | 127.7 (7.6) | 65.7 (2.3) |
a
Data are presented as % (standard error).
b
Data presented as mean (standard error). Standard errors of 0.0 had values <0.1.
c
Measured among 12- to 19-year-old participants only.