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. 2012 Jan 18;120(4):487–493. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104405

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Pesticide-induced changes in plant biochemistry. (A) Secondary metabolites induced in six crops by acifluorfen with 48-hr sunlight exposure; pisatin in peas; glyceollins in soybeans; hemigossypol in cotton; phaseolin in beans; xanthotoxin in celery; and N-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine in spinach. Error bars are SDs. Adapted from Kömives and Casida 1983. (B) Neonicotinoid insecticides induce salicylate-associated responses in plants. (C) Safener induces herbicide-detoxifying enzyme and cofactor in corn but not in weeds.