Table. 1. Summary of the viruses and viral proteins currently known to require the Hsp90 chaperone.
| Viral family | virus | viral protein | Hsp90 dependent process | Additional factor | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herpesviridae | HSV1/HSV2 | UL30 | Polymerase localization | Hsp70, BAG3 | [51, 52, 57] |
| VZV | ORF29F | Localization of orf29 | Hsp70, BAG3 | [54] | |
| HCMV | - | Expression of immediate early protein IE2 | PI3K | [53] | |
| EBV | KH | Apoptosis prevention | - | [96, 111] | |
| EBNA | Cell proliferation | - | [112] | ||
| KSHV | KI | Apoptosis prevention | Hsp40 | [94] | |
| v-FLIP | Apoptosis prevention | IKK, Cdc37 | [93] | ||
| Polyomaviridae | SV40 | LT | Stabilization of LT protein | - | [63] |
| Poxviridae | Vaccinia virus | 4a core protein | Capsid assembly/ Virus gene expression | Hsp70 | [34, 113] |
| Reoviridae | Reovirus | σ1 | C' trimerization of σ1 | Hsp70, p23 | [76-79] |
| Rotavirus | NSP3 | Dimerization of NSP3 | - | [66] | |
| - | - | PI3K | [70] | ||
| Birnaviridae | IBDV | VP2 (Capsid) | Virus Internalization | - | [88] |
| Picornaviridae | Poliovirus | P1 capsid protein | Cleavage of P1 into VP1, VP2 & VP3 | p23 | [33] |
| Rhinovirus | P1 capsid protein | Cleavage of P1 into VP1, VP2 & VP3 | p23 | [33] | |
| Coxsackievirus | P1 capsid protein | Cleavage of P1 into VP1, VP2 & VP3 | p23 | [33] | |
| Flaviviridae | HCV | NS3 Protease | Cleavage at NS2/3 junction, NS3 function | - | [71, 72, 99] |
| NS5A | Replication complex formation/Genome replication | FKBP8/hB-ind1 | [73, 74, 114, 115] | ||
| DENV | Viral receptor | Virus Internalization | Hsp70/GRP78 | [85, 86] | |
| Arenaviridae | LCMV | NP | Antigen cross presentation | - | [116] |
| Nodaviridae | FHV | Protein A | Replication complex formation | - | [58, 59, 117] |
| Hepeviridae | HEV | Capsid | Intracellular transfer | - | [82] |
| Rhabdoviridae | VSV | L protein | Protein stabilization | - | [60] |
| Paramyxoviridae | HPIV2/3 | L protein | Protein stabilization | - | [60] |
| SV5/41 | L protein | Protein stabilization | - | [60] | |
| Measles virus | - | Enhanced oncolytic activity | - | [118] | |
| Sendai virus | - | Innate immunity activation | TBK1 | [110] | |
| Bunyaviridae | La Crosse virus | L protein | Protein stabilization | - | [60] |
| Orthomyxoviridae | Influenza A Virus | PB1, PB2 | Nuclear localization | - | [47] |
| vRNP complex formation | - | [48] | |||
| RNA synthesis | - | [49] | |||
| Filoviridae | Ebola virus | - | Virus propagation | - | [119] |
| Retrovirus | HTLV1 | tat | Transcription | - | [95] |
| HIV1 | tat | Transcription/Cell survival | - | [89, 90, 120] | |
| Hepadnaviridae | DHBV | P protein | Reverse transcriptase priming | p23, Cdc37, Hsp40, Hsc70 | [41, 43, 44, 121] |
| HBV | P protein | Reverse transcriptase priming | Hsp70, Hsp40 Hop, P23 | [43, 45, 46] |
Abbreviations: HSV, herpes simplex virus; VZV, varicella zoster virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Bar virus; KSHV, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; SV, simian virus; IBDV, infectious bursal disease virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; DENV, dengue virus; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; FHV, flock house virus; HEV, Hepatitis E virus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; HPIV, human parainfluenza virus; vRNP, viral ribonucleoprotein complex; HTLV, human adult T cell leukemia virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; DHBV, duck hepatitis B virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus.