Fig. 3.

Prolonged exposure of cultured hepatocytes to insulin increases ROS production. Hepa1c1c7 cells (A and B) or primary mouse hepatocytes (C and D) were incubated with insulin as noted for 16 h (n = 3), followed by incubation with carboxy-H2-DCF-DA for 30 min. Levels of ROS, GSH, and GSSG in the cells were quantified as detailed in Materials and Methods. Results represent Mean ± se of three independent experiments.*, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01 vs. no insulin.