. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Feb 15;23(0 1):69–80. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9899-8

Table 3.

Mean ratings and top rankings for warning labels by graphic image type and health effect, among Mexicans with low and high educational attainment

Label and sample characteristics				Ratings		Ranking
Health effect	Education attainment^*	Graphic image type	Credibility	Relevance	Overall Impact	(% chosen as most effective)
Emphysema	Low	Damaged organs	8.1^c	5.2	7.0^c	83%
		Human suffering	7.4	4.8	6.6	17%
	High	Damaged organs	8.3^c	5.3^c	7.3^c	82%
		Human suffering	7.5	4.6	6.2	18%

Gangrene	Low	Damaged organs	7.8^a	4.4	7.4^c	73%
		Human suffering	7.4	4.4	6.8	27%
	High	Damaged organs	7.0^a	4.5^a	6.8^c	78%
		Human suffering	6.7	4.2	6.1	22%

Low educational attainment is at least technical or secondary school; high educational attainment is high school or more

Damaged organs v human suffering, p<0.05;

Damaged organs v human suffering, p<0.01;

Damaged organs v human suffering, p<0.001