Ex vivo iris pupil diameter, chord length, curvature, and concavity ratio results. All measurements showed a significant difference before and after the addition of the dilation drugs. The pupil diameter (a) increased significantly (P < 0.001) after the addition of the drugs, the chord length (b) decreased (P < 0.0001), the curvature (c) increased (P < 0.002), and the (d) concavity ratio (P < 0.0001) increased (bars, 95% confidence interval, n = 30).