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Reaction equations for protein-protein interaction binding models. a, 1:1 binding model. b, 2:1 heterogeneous ligand. c, 1:2 bivalent analyte. d, mass transport. Where L is ligand, A is analyte, LA is the ligand-analyte complex, kon is the association rate constant, koff is the dissociation rate constant, Abulk is the analyte molecules in solution, Asurface corresponds to the analyte molecules close to the surface of the biosensor.
