Table 4.
Age-adjusted relative odds of very high psychological distress by socioeconomic status variables for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian females aged 18-64 years, 2004-05*
| Remote Indigenous females | Non-remote Indigenous females | All Indigenous females | Non-Indigenous females | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)† | OR (95% CI)† | OR (95% CI)† | OR (95% CI)† | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 0.5 (0.3-0.6) | 0.5 (0.4-0.6) |
| Not married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Main language | ||||
| English | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not English | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) | 2.4 (0.7-8.9) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) |
| Highest year of school completed | ||||
| Year 10 or more | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Less than Year 10‡ | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) | 2.2 (1.5-3.2) | 1.8 (1.3-2.4) | 2.8 (2.1-3.6) |
| Highest non-school qualification | ||||
| Bachelor/post-grad degree | 2.2 (0.8-5.7) | 0.5 (0.2-1.4) | 0.7 (0.3-1.4) | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) |
| Diploma | 1.2 (0.3-4.8) | 0.8 (0.3-2.1) | 0.9 (0.4-2.0) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
| Certificate | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) | 1.1 (0.7-1.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) |
| No qualifications | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Unemployed | 2.0 (1.0-4.0) | 2.3 (1.3-4.0) | 2.2 (1.4-3.5) | 4.6 (2.8-7.5) |
| Not in the labour force | 1.3 (0.9-2.0) | 2.1 (1.4-3.1) | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) | 2.7 (2.3-3.3) |
| Housing tenure | ||||
| Owner/purchaser | 1.1 (0.5-2.7) | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) | --- |
| Renter/other tenure | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | --- |
| Ran out of food and couldn't afford to buy more (last 12 months) | ||||
| Yes | 1.8 (1.2-2.7) | 3.5 (2.4-4.9) | 2.8 (2.1-3.6) | 6.3 (4.8-8.2) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Equivalised household income quintile§ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 1.8 (0.5-6.7) | 2.1 (0.7-6.0) | 1.9 (0.8-4.9) | 7.0 (4.5-10.8) |
| 2 | 1.5 (0.3-7.1) | 1.1 (0.4-3.4) | 1.2 (0.5-3.1) | 3.4 (2.1-5.7) |
| 3 | 1.0 (0.2-5.6) | 1.0 (0.3-3.1) | 1.0 (0.4-2.6) | 2.8 (1.8-4.3) |
| 4 | 1.0 (0.2-5.7) | 0.7 (0.2-2.6) | 0.7 (0.2-2.3) | 2.0 (1.2-3.3) |
| 5 (highest) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not known/not stated | 1.1 (0.3-4.9) | 1.4 (0.5-4.3) | 1.3 (0.5-3.3) | 2.7 (1.6-4.4) |
| Trend‖: p = 0.07 | Trend‖: p = 0.001 | Trend‖: p < 0.001 | Trend‖: p < 0.001 | |
| SEIFA quintile** | ||||
| 1 (most disadvantaged) | --- | 2.3 (0.7-7.8) | 2.1 (0.6-7.0) | 2.9 (1.9-4.2) |
| 2 | --- | 1.8 (0.5-6.2) | 1.9 (0.6-6.8) | 1.6 (1.1-2.4) |
| 3 | --- | 1.9 (0.5-6.9) | 1.9 (0.6-6.8) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) |
| 4 | --- | 1.1 (0.3-4.3) | 1.1 (0.3-4.3) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) |
| 5 (least disadvantaged) | --- | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Trend: n/a | Trend: p = 0.02 | Trend: p = 0.04 | Trend: p < 0.001 |
* Source: Weighted data from the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2004-05 confidentialised unit record file (CURF) [16]. Very high psychological distress is defined as a K5 score of ≥ 15
† OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. All estimates are adjusted for age group (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years). Figures in bold are statistically significant at p < 0.05
‡ Includes those who never went to school.
§ Gross weekly equivalised cash income of household, using the OECD scale [17]. Quintiles are based on national figures
‖ Trend analysis excludes those with equivalised household income quintile 'not known/not stated'
** SEIFA, Socioeconomic Index for Areas, Index of Relative Disadvantage. Quintiles are based on national figures