Generation of canine induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs). (A) Schematic diagram of the generation of ciPSCs. ciPSC colonies can be picked out approximately 12–15 days and are alkaline phosphatase-positive. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of pluripotent markers. Similar to cESCs, ciPSCs are positive for pluripotent stem cell markers Oct-4 (b and h), Tra-1-60 (c and i), Nanog (e and k) and SSEA-4 (f and l), with nuclear staining by DAPI (a, d, g and j). (C) Quantitative PCR analysis of expression of pluripotent stem cell markers Oct-4, Nanog, Sox-2, c-Myc and Klf-4. Y-axis value represents fold differences (log2) in expression of select genes. (D) Pearson correlation analysis for gene expression in cASCs, ciPSCs and cESCs using transcripts with SD <0.2 among all samples (17,895 probes, P < 1.0E-15). Reprinted with permission from Lee et al. 2011.