Table 2.

Priority Areas of Investigation to Enable the Integration of Biomarkers into Symptom Management Research and Clinical Practice

❖Refine the conceptualization of the symptom phenotype ➢Evaluate the impact of demographic factors on the symptom phenotype ➢Evaluate the impact of clinical factors on the symptom phenotype ➢Evaluate how the symptom phenotype changes over time ➢Differentiate between acute and chronic manifestations of the symptom phenotype ❖Develop valid and reliable measures of the symptom phenotype for use in research and clinical practice ➢Determine that symptom phenotype measures are sensitive to changes over time ➢Standardize the use of symptom phenotype measures in research ➢Develop technological approaches to measure the symptom phenotype in a variety of health care settings ➢Establish repositories of phenotypic data on common symptoms ❖Develop sensitive and specific biomarkers (i.e., protein and molecular) for use in research and clinical practice ➢Develop and test biomarkers that can be used to identify low and high risk patients for common symptoms and quality of life outcomes ➢Develop and test biomarkers that can be used to guide the prescription of specific pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions ➢Develop and test biomarkers that can be used to guide an evaluation of the efficacy of specific pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions