Table 1. Comparisons of clinical and biochemical data between two groups.

Parameter	Non-DR (n=2492)	DR (n=834)	P values
Age (yr)	61.23±16.71	63.56±19.30	0.0008
Female: male ratio	1563/929	532/302	0.6089
With health education	1421	440	0.0351
Urban/rural residence	1428/1064	489/345	0.5273
Alcohol intake	516	185	0.3922
Ever smoker	705	247	0.4908
With family history	273	108	0.1329
With intraocular surgery history	179	93	0.0004
T2DM duration (yr)	5.92±3.28	8.90±4.15	<0.0001
Other DM complication(s)	562	514	<0.0001
With standard treatment	2069	725	0.0091
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.50±3.01	24.24±3.11	0.0323
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic blood pressure	133.54± 16.12	132.33± 15.48	0.0582
Diastolic blood pressure	77.78± 9.05	78.17± 8.82	0.2784
Waist circumference (cm)	85.46± 7.79	85.05± 8.01	0.1915
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	9.43±3.37	9.84±3.56	0.0027
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	8.32±1.81	8.14±1.69	0.0116
Urine albumin (µmol /L)	0.25±0.08	0.29±0.06	<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.48±1.10	5.61±1.22	0.0041
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	2.19±0.63	2.21±0.58	0.4185
LDLC (mmol/L)	3.27±0.64	3.39±0.73	<0.0001
HDLC (mmol/L)	1.29±0.25	1.31±0.30	0.0578
C-reaction peptide (mg/L)	11.97±2.61	12.02±2.77	0.6373

Mean±SD