PA–PB1 interaction assay. (A) Increasing amounts of GST–PB11–25 (□), GST–Ubc9 (△), or GST (○) were added to wells coated with 400 ng of 6His–PA239–716. Binding of GST-based proteins was detected with an HRP-conjugated anti-GST antibody, followed by measurement of the absorbance at 450 nm. (B) Increasing concentrations of PB11–15–Tat peptide (□), PB11–15 peptide (○), UL54 peptide (▽), or a scramble peptide (△) were added together with 200 ng of GST–PB11–25 to wells coated with 400 ng of 6His–PA239–716. Binding of GST–PB11–25 was detected as described above. The percentage of the absorbance at 450 nm measured in the presence of inhibitors with respect to that measured in the absence of inhibitors is plotted. Data shown represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.