Table 2. Demographic, clinical characteristics and neuropsychiatric test among liver cirrhosis patients and healthy control.
| Control | no HE | MHE | OHE | F or X2 | p-value | |
| # of subjects | 35 | 17 | 9 | 9 | ||
| Age (years) | 50.06 ± 10.23 | 49.95 ± 7.85 | 57.00 ± 5.70 | 60.56 ± 7.09 | 4.42 | 0.007* |
| Gender | 23F/22M | 5F/12M | 1F/8M | 4F/5M | 1.83 | 0.149 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | – | 0.71 ± 0.35 | 0.74 ± 0.19 | 1.06 ± 0.49 | 0.93 | 0.402 |
| GOT (IU/L) | – | 66.65 ± 52.58 | 94.25 ± 102.07 | 92.00 ± 72.42 | 0.67 | 0.519 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | – | 1.80 ± 0.40 | 3.66 ± 3.04 | 6.98 ± 12.43 | 1.91 | 0.162 |
| Venous ammonia (mg/dL) | – | 113.64 ± 47.75 | 139.10 ± 67.63 | 194.22 ± 81.93 | 3.22 | 0.053 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | – | 3.35 ± 0.64 | 2.73 ± 0.57 | 2.90 ± 0.31 | 4.10 | 0.026* |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | – | 1.19 ± 0.18 | 1.29 ± 0.28 | 1.60 ± 0.63 | 4.31 | 0.021* |
| Neuropsychiatric tests | – | |||||
| Digit-symbol | 65.76 ± 22.49 | 59.12 ±17.46 | 27.22 ± 10.77 | – | 13.41 | 0.000* |
| Block design | 35.60 ± 13.14 | 32.38 ± 10.65 | 21.80 ± 6.61 | – | 5.39 | 0.008* |
Results are given as mean ± standard deviation. MHE: minimal hepatic encephalopathy; OHE, overt hepatic encephalopathy. RSPM, Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices; CASI, Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument.
*
Significant was set at p<0.05.