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Proposed model for WAT-to-BAT phenotypic conversion upon loss of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in adipocytes. This phenotypic transformation is mediated, at least in part, through the dual effects of Smad3 on both the PPARβ/δ and PPARγ2 promoters. Smad3 deficiency promotes a brown phenotype in the WAT milieu.
