Table 2.
In vivo ultrastructural analyses of Mtb intracellular localization.
| Author and year | Journal | Tissue type | Bacterial strain | MOI (if indicated) | Days after infection | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merckx et al. (1964) | Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. | Pulmonary, liver, and spleen tissue (mice) | H37Rv | 0.3 mg Mtb/25 g | 31 days–5 months | All bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments |
| 5 months | Some bacteria appear free in cytosol | |||||
| Kondo et al. (1982) | Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. | Granulomatous lung lesions and lung homogenate (mice) | M. bovis TCT401 | 0.5 mg M. bovis/mouse | 3 weeks | Bacteria in alveolar macrophages are in membrane-bound compartments |
| Bacteria in granulomatous tissue are sometimes observed with disrupted membranes or free in the cytosol | ||||||
| Moreira et al. (1997) | Infect. Immun. | Granulomatous lesions (mice) | M. tuberculosis Erdman | 200 bacteria/mouse | 14–35 days | All bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments |
| Russell et al. (2002) | J. Cell Biol. | Alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; human) | UKa | UKa | UKa | Single and multiple bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments in heavily infected alveolar macrophages |
| Mwandumba et al. (2004) | J. Immun. | Alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; human) | UKa | UKa | UKa | Bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments |
| Occasionally in cases of heavy infection, multiple bacteria observed in a large vacuole | ||||||
| Caceres et al. (2009) | Tuberculosis | Foamy macrophages (mouse) | H37Rv | 20–50 bacteria/mouse | 3–9 weeks | Multiple bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments out to 3 weeks |
| Single bacteria observed in membrane-bound compartments after 3 weeks |
aUnknown.