Table 2.
Differential immune responses to Leishmania major substrains.
| L. major substrain | Control of infection | IL-4 | IL-10 | IL-17 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV39 | C57BL/6 (R)a | Over-expression of IL-4 (S) | n.d. | IL-17−/− (NA) | Leal et al. (1993), Noben-Trauth et al. (1996, 1999, 2003), Radwanska et al. (2007) |
| BALB/c (S)b | IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− (S); CD4+ specific IL-4Rα−/− (R) | IL-10−/− or IL-10R blockade (R) | IL-17−/− (NA) | Tacchini-Cottier and Launois (unpublished data) | |
| Friedlin | C57BL/6 (R) | Transient IL-4 in low dose inf but lesion resolution | IL-10−/− or IL-10R blockade (R); prevent parasite elimination from skin | IL-17−/− or rIL-17 (NA) | Belkaid et al. (2001), Kane and Mosser (2001), Belkaid et al. (2002), Noben-Trauth et al. (2003), Uzonna et al. (2004), Wu et al. (2010), Lopez Kostka et al. (2009) |
| BALB/c (S) | IL-4Rα−/− (S) | IL-10−/− (R) | IL-17−/− partially control parasitemia but no lesion resolution | ||
| IR173 | C57BL/6 (R) | rIL-4 injection (NA) | n.d. | n.d. | Sadick et al. (1991), Heinzel and Maier (1999), Noben-Trauth et al. (1999, 2003) |
| BALB/c (S) | IL-4−/− partially control inf but IL-4Rα−/− fully (R) | IL-10−/− or IL-10R blockade partially (R) | n.d. | ||
| FEBNI | C57BL/6 (R) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Kopf et al. (1996), Kropf et al. (2003), Radwanska et al. (2007) |
| BALB/c (S) | IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− partial control of inf but (S); CD4+ specific IL-4Rα−/− (R) | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| Sd | C57BL/6 (S) | IL-4−/− and IL-4R blocked (S); undetectable IL-4 in WT | IL-10R blockade (R); IL-10 production by T cells controls Th1 response and pathology; IL-10 associated with unhealing lesions | Weak IL-17 production modulated by IL-27 | Kropf et al. (1999, 2003), Sacks and Noben-Trauth (2002), Anderson et al. (2005, 2009) |
| BALB/c (S) | IL-4−/− (NA) | IL-10R blockade partially (R) | n.d. |
aR: mice develop self-healing lesion, control parasite load, and are resistant to re-infection; bS: susceptible, unhealing lesion, uncontrolled parasite load.
NA: disease phenotype not altered; n.d., not determined.