Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by menopause type
| Menopause Type | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Surgical | Natural | Overall |
| N=1157 | N=5459 | p | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age at baseline, mean (SD), y | 70.8 (4.9) | 71.7 (5.4) | <.001 |
| Age at menopause, mean (SD), y | 44.3 (7.4) | 48.9 (4.9) | <.001 |
| Dietary/Lifestyle Factors | |||
| Calcium supplement intake, mean (SD), mg/week | 2942 (4132) | 2640 (4243) | .03 |
| Smoking, mean (SD), pack-years | 12.5 (21.8) | 10.7 (19.9) | .01 |
| Alcohol intake in last month, No. (%), number of drinks | .05 | ||
| Heavy (>14/week) | 46 (4.0) | 225 (4.1) | |
| Light-mod (1–14/week) | 562 (48.6) | 2857 (52.3) | |
| None | 549 (47.5) | 2377 (43.5) | |
| Medical History | |||
| Number of children breastfed, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Excellent/good self-reported health, No. (%) | 931 (80.5) | 4646 (85.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes, No. (%)b | .05 | ||
| Yes, no insulin | 77 (6.7) | 285 (5.2) | |
| Yes, uses insulin | 17 (1.5) | 54 (1.0) | |
| Medications | |||
| Oral estrogen use, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
| Current | 345 (30.2) | 351 (6.5) | |
| Past | 366 (32.0) | 1357 (25.2) | |
| Never | 433 (37.9) | 3683 (68.3) | |
| Duration of use, mean (SD), y | 7.1 (9.8) | 1.8 (4.5) | <.001 |
| Range–overall | 0 – 53.0 | 0 – 40.0 | |
| Mean (SD), range–past users |
6.4 (7.1) 0 – 43.0 |
4.5 (5.5) 0 – 40.0 |
|
| Means (SD), range–current users |
16.7 (10.4) 0 – 53.0 |
9.6 (8.7) 0 – 40.0 |
|
| Long-acting benzodiazepine use in last 12 months, No. (%) | 130 (11.4) | 455 (8.4) | .001 |
| Physical measures | |||
| Weight at baseline, mean (SD), kg | 67.8 (13.1) | 66.7 (12.4) | .01 |
| Depth perception, mean (SD)+ | 2.0 (2.2) | 2.3 (2.8) | <.001 |
| Contrast sensitivity, mean (SD)* | 76.6 (36.5) | 73.2 (35.7) | .004 |
| BMD, distal radius (g/cm2) | 0.373 (0.090) | 0.356 (0.083) | <.001 |
| BMD, calcaneus (g/cm2) | 0.414 (0.100) | 0.398 (0.093) | <.001 |
| BMD, total hip (g/cm2), visit 2, mean (SD) | 0.776 (0.141) | 0.746 (0.125) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; SD, standard deviation
+
Standard deviation of 4 Howard-Dohlman Optical Distance scores
*
Overall contrast sensitivity score for low spatial frequency (both eyes)