. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):901–906. doi: 10.1037/a0027831

Table 1.

Mean differences, SEs, p-values, and Cohen’s d for label vs. no-label comparisons, Noles & Gelman (2012).

	Mean difference \|label – nolabel\|	SE	p-value	Cohen’s d
DISCRIMINABLE ITEMS^a
Discriminable-first order^b
LPT vs. NL	.10	.12	1.00	0.43
LMT vs. NL	.11	.12	1.00	0.81
Identical-first order^c
LPT vs. NL	.36	.12	.01*	0.93
LMT vs. NL	.23	.12	.15	0.64
IDENTICAL ITEMS^d
Discriminable-first order^b
LPT vs. NL	.20	.11	.20	0.80
LMT vs. NL	.17	.10	.34	0.62
Identical-first order^c
LPT vs. NL	.32	.11	.01*	1.24
LMT vs. NL	.18	.10	.25	0.63

Note 1: LPT = Labels plus training; NL = no labels; LMT = Labels minus training.

Note 2: We calculated Cohen’s d based on means and SDs; some of our estimates differ from those provided by S&F.

corresponds to “SR = 9” in S&F

corresponds to “Order 1” in S&F

corresponds to “Order 2” in S&F

corresponds to “SR = 1” in S&F