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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2011 Oct 13;55(1):245–254. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2326-y

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Proposed model by which stimulation of AMPK in embryos resulting from maternal hyperglycaemia causes NTDs associated with diabetic embryopathy. The mechanisms by which AMPK inhibits Pax3 expression, indicated by ‘?’, have yet to be determined