Table 1.

Biomarkers and neuropsychiatric performances between patients with temporal lobe

	Controls (n = 34)	TLE patients (n = 34)
Biomarkers
Heat shock protein 70 (μg/ml)	130.84 ± 61.1	194.5 ± 116.1**
Non-specific enolase (ng/ml)	9.43 ± 1.9	9.51 ± 1.9
S100ß protein (pg/ml)	70.52 ± 28.0	99.83 ± 45.7 **
Plasma nuclear DNA (ng/ml)	28.62 ± 2.5	29.19 ± 2.7
Plasma mitochondrial DNA (ng/ml)	21.33 ± 1.1	21.15 ± 1.0
Verbal Memory CVLT-MS (9)
T1	6.18 ± 1.1	5.18 ± 1.5**
T2	7.74 ± 1.1	7.36 ± 1.4
T3	8.24 ± 0.9	8.06 ± 1.2
T4	8.59 ± 0.7	8.15 ± 1.0
30 sec free recall	8.65 ± 0.7	7.67 ± 2.0**
10-min free recall	8.38 ± 1.2	7.18 ± 2.3**
10-min recognition	8.53 ± 0.9	7.55 ± 1.8
Visual Memory
Modified Rey-Osterrieth recall (17)	15 ± 2.5	11.64 ± 4.5**
Visuospatial Functions
Modified Rey-Osterrieth copy (17)	17 ± 0	16.79 ± 0.7
Cube copy (2)	1.82 ± 0.5	1.05 ± 0.9
Pentagon copy (1)	1 ± 0	0.82 ± 0.4
Visual object and space perception (10)	8.29 ± 2.0	8.64 ± 1.8
Speech and Language Ability
Semantic Fluency (1 minute)
Animal	21.59 ± 3.9	15.3 ± 5.4**
Fruit	15.75 ± 2.8	11.54 ± 3.4**
Transportation	13.83 ± 3.8	9.26 ± 2.1**
Town	24.28 ± 6.2	16.82 ± 6.2**
Boston naming test (16)	15.58 ± 0.8	14.36 ± 2.2**
Comprehension (4)	3.88 ± 0.3	3.51 ± 0.9
Abstract thinking (3)	2.58 ± 0.7	1.97 ± 1.2
Problem solving (3)	2.60 ± 0.7	2.00 ± 1.1
Executive function
Digit backward	5.0 ± 1.6	4.74 ±1.5
Stroop interference correct (1 minute)	54.1 ± 10.9	40.33 ± 14.6**
Design fluency	10.78 ± 3.0	8.56 ± 5.6*
Trail Making test time (< 120 seconds)	23.6 ± 11.6	47.8 ± 35.3**
Correct line in Trail Making (14)	13.13 ± 2.7	11.92 ± 3.5
Calculation (5)	4.75 ± 0.7	4.51 ± 0.8
Digit forward	8.40 ± 0.8	7.44 ± 1.4**
Neuropsychiatric inventory score	1.91 ± 6.6	2.84 ± 5.5

Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Number in parenthesis following task name = maximal scores

**p < 0.01. *p < 0.05 between TLE patients and controls

TLE temporal lobe epilepsy; CVLT-MS California Verbal Learning Test-Mental Status