Table 3.

Relationship of clinical characteristics with biomarkers and neuropsychiatric performances in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

	Seizure frequency		Duration of epilepsy
	Group 1 (n = 22)	Group 2 (n = 12)	σ coefficient
Duration of epilepsy (years)	16.7 ± 8.5	20.3 ± 13.6	-
Number of antiepileptic drugs used Biomarkers	1.6 ± 0.6	2.52 ± 0.7	-0.029
Heat shock protein 70 (µg/ml)	123.4 ± 34.7	324.7 ± 97.4**	0.413†
Non-specific enolase (ng/ml)	8.4 ± 1.2	11.3 ± 1.13**	0.062
S100 ß protein (pg/ml)	79.04 ± 12.5	148.95 ± 43.6**	0.132
Plasma nuclear DNA (ng/ml)	29.22 ± 2.2	30.33 ± 2.2	0.18
Plasma mitochondrial DNA (ng/ml)	21.04 ± 1.0	21.13 ± 1.1	0.044
Verbal Memory CVLT-MS (9)
30 sec free recall	7.86 ± 1.5	7.27 ± 2.8	0.041
10-min free recall	7.23 ± 1.9	7.09 ± 2.9	0.045
10-min recognition	7.50 ± 2.0	7.64 ± 1.6	0.153
Modified Rey-Osterrieth recall (17)	16.77 ± 0.8	16.82 ± 0.6	0.3020
Cube copy (2)	0.91 ± 0.9	1.18 ± 0.9	-0.068
Pentagon copy (1)	0.82 ± 0.4	0.82 ± 0.4	-0.469†
Semantic fluency animal (1 minute)	14.09 ± 4.5	17.73 ± 6.6	-0.342
Boston naming test (16)	14.36 ± 2.3	14.18 ± 2.4	-0.175
Comprehension (4)	3.45 ± 0.9	3.45 ± 1.0	-0.631†
Abstract thinking (3)	1.95 ± 1.2	2.27 ± 1.2	-0.347
Problem solving (3)	2.00 ± 1.0	2.00 ± 1.18	0.107
Stroop interference correct (1 minute)	39.82 ± 16.5	42.64 ± 12.4	-0.374
Design fluency	7.68 ± 5.7	9.00 ± 5.8	-0.350
Trail Making test time (< 120 seconds)	51.68 ± 38.8	45.18 ± 32.1	0.548†
Digit forward	7.27 ± 1.5	7.73 ± 1.1	-0.346

Values expressed as mean ± SD or with correlation coefficient (σ coefficient)

Neuropsychological tests listed above represent domains that were different from the control group; number in parenthesis following task name = maximal scores

CVLT-MS California Verbal Learning Test-Mental Status

Group 1 = seizure frequency ≤ 2 times per month; Group 2 = seizure frequency > 2 times per month

** p < 0.01 compared with Group 1 and Group 2, †p < 0.01 in correlation analysis