Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Studies
| Study Label | Design | Objective of Study | Population | Age (mean) | Sample Size | Length of Follow-up | Definition of CV events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acarturk, 2004[13] | Prospective cohort | to investigate the relation between age and gender differences in plasma TG and CAD in patients with angiographically proven CAD |
patients admitted for diagnostic coronary angiography due to chest pain |
54.9 +/-10.26 | 937 | NR | Coronary artery disease |
| Bansal, 2007[14] | Prospective cohort | To determine the association of triglyceride levels (fasting vs nonfasting) and risk of future cardiovascular events. |
healthy women | 54.2 +/- 7.06 |
26,509 | 136.8 Months (median) |
composite of confirmed nonfatal MI, nonfatal ischemic stroke, coronary revascularization, or death due to cardiovascular causes |
| Barrett-Connor, 1987[15] | Prospective cohort | To examine the independent effect of triglyceride on the prediction of cardiovascular disease after the effects of cholesterol and other heart disease risk factors have been accounted for |
healthy fasting men without known CVD |
57.7 | 1,589 | 144 months | N/A |
| Bass, 1993[16] | Prospective cohort | To further explore the relationships between lipid and lipoprotein levels and other conventional CVD risk factors and CVD death on women |
women 30 years of age and older |
58.2 +/- 5.5 |
1,405 | Mean 168 months | N/A |
| Bonaventure, 2010[17] | Prospective cohort | To find the association pattern between serum TG and incident intracerebral hemorrhage as compared with coronary events and ischemic stroke |
Population- based, elderly participants free from institutionalization were recruited from the electoral rolls of three French cities |
74.03 years |
8,393 | mean of 5 years | MI, hospitalized angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, coronary endovascular dilatation, coronary bypass, or death due to a coronary event |
| Carlson, 1988[18] | RCT | To obtain a pronounced serum lipid lowering by combined use of clofibrate and nicotinic acid in an effort to reduce the risk of IHD |
Survivors of MI < 70 years of age |
58.9 + -0.4 males and 62.5 + -0.9 females | Control group (n = 276) | 60 months | N/A |
| Chan, 2005[19] | Prospective cohort | To examine the lipid profiles in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients and their relationship with anthropometric parameters, glycemic control and cardiovascular mortality. |
Chinese patients with type 2 DM |
54.0 +/- 14.0 |
517 | Mean 55.2 +/-10.8 months | N/A |
| Chester, 1995[20] | Prospective cohort | To determine the standard clinical or angiographic variables or both present at initial angiography associated with the development of adverse coronary events in patients awaiting routine PTCA |
Patients awaiting routine percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
57 | 215 | Median 8 months | fatal or non-fatal MI, unstable angina or angiographic new total coronary occlusion |
| Czernichow, 2007[21] | Prospective cohort | To investigated the relationship of baseline 'hypertriglyceridemic waist' (HTGW) status with CVD risk in middle-aged French men |
middle-aged French men, included diabetics |
51.9 +/- 4.7 |
3,430 | 90 months | new-onset angina, fatal and non-fatal MI or stroke, transient ischemic attack, sudden death or intermittent claudication |
| Drexel, 2005[22] | Prospective cohort | To evaluate the atherogenicity of lipids in coronary patients with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 DM |
Caucasian patients who were referred to coronary angiography |
62.4 +/- 10.6 |
750 | 27.6 +/- 4.8 months | N/A |
| Eberly, 2003[23] | Prospective cohort | To determine whether HTG is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), and whether fasting and nonfasting triglyceride (TG) levels are equally predictive |
men at increased risk but without clinical evidence of definite CHD at baseline |
46.3 | 2809 | 304.8 months | either a clinical MI or a significant serial electrocardiogram change indicative of MI |
| Egger, 1999[24] | Prospective cohort | To assess the influence of differential precision in the measurement of the correlated variables total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol on estimates of risk of IHD associated with TG levels |
Middle aged men living in the town of Caerphilly, South Wales, UK |
52.1 +/- 4.48 |
2,512 | 5 and 10 years after baseline | death from ischemic heart disease, clinical non-fatal MI, electrocardiographic MI |
| Ellingsen, 2003[25] | Prospective cohort | to examine the effect of group assignment on IHD mortality in subjects with normal or high fasting TG |
healthy men who had an elevated serum total cholesterol concentration or coronary risk score |
46 +/-3 | 1232 | 276 months | N/A |
| Gaziano, 1997[26] | Case controlled study | To examine the interrelationships of the fasting TG level other lipid parameters and nonlipid risk factors with risk of MI. |
Patients - coronary care and other intensive care units patients (no history of MI and angina pectoris) with whom symptoms of MI had begun 24 h of admission, control - residents of home towns. |
57.7 +/- 9.65 |
680 | NR | N/A |
| Goldberg, 2009[27] | Prospective/ case controlled |
To ascertain coronary artery disease outcomes and predictive factors in patients with SLE and matched healthy controls prospectively |
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched healthy controls |
SLE cases 44.2 +/-12.2, controls 44.5 +/- 4.4 |
237 controls and 241 SLE cases | 86.4 months | Defined as the occurrence of MI and/or angina pectoris due to atherosclerosis. |
| Habib, 2006[28] | Prospective cohort | To evaluate the association of serum TC and TG with clinical outcomes in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. |
Patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis; only in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or patients those very ill patients who died rapidly due to unrelated conditions. |
57.2 +/ 15.3 |
1,053 | 23 +/- 14 months | N/A |
| Haim, 1999[29] | Prospective cohort | To investigate the association between elevated blood triglyceride levels and subsequent mortality risk in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) |
patients with a diagnosis of CHD | 59.76 +/- 6.96 | 11,546 | 61.2 months | N/A |
| Hoogeveen, 2001[30] | Case controlled study | To determine the effect of immigration to the USA ion plasma levels of lipoprotein a and other independent risk factors for CHD in Asian Indians | Asian Indians and Asian Indians living in the USA with and without CHD |
44.2 +/- 12.79 | 309 | NR | Coronary heart disease - incidents not specifically defined |
| Jonsdottir, 2002[31] | Prospective cohort | To examine the relationship between the relative risk of baseline variables and verified MI or coronary death in individuals with no prior history of MI |
male and female from Reykjavik and adjusted communities |
52.7 +/- 8.71 |
18,569 | Mean 208.8 months | N/A |
| Lamarche, 1995[32] | Prospective cohort | To confirm the importance of both elevated plasma cholesterol and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as risk factors for ischemic heart disease |
men without ischemic heart disease |
57.5 | 2,103 | 60 months | Effort angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, nonfatal MI, and coronary death |
| Lloret Linares, 2008[33] | Retrospective cohort | to assess retrospectively the prevalence and the predictive factors of acute pancreatitis (AP) | Patients referred by their general practitioner or general hospital for very high TG levels. |
47 +/- 10.7 |
129 | NR | N/A |
| Lu, 2003[34] | Prospective cohort | To determine whether non- HDL cholesterol, a measure of total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, is a predictor of CVD in patients with DM |
American Indians with DM |
57.28 +/- 8 |
2,108 | 108 months | Coronary heart disease, MI, stroke, and other CVD |
| Malone, 2009[35] | Prospective cohort | This study evaluated cardiometabolic risk factors and their relationship to prevalent diagnosis of acute MI (AMI) and stroke. |
People continuously receiving health insurance benefits during study |
56.8 +/- 0.03 | 170,648 | 24 months | N/A |
| Mazza, 2005[36] | Prospective cohort | To evaluate whether TG level is a risk factor for CHD in elderly people from general population, and to look for interactions between TG and other risk factors. |
elderly people from general population CHD in elderly people from general population |
73.8 +/- 5 | 3,257 | 144 months | N/A |
| Mora, 2008[37] | Prospective cohort | To evaluate levels of lipids and apolipoproteins after a typical meal and to determine whether fasting compared with non-fasting alters the association of these lipids and apolipoproteins with incident CVD. |
Healthy women, aged > = 45 years, who were free of self- reported CVD or cancer at study entry and with follow-up for incident CVD. |
54.7 | 26,330 | 136.8 months | Nonfatal MI, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death |
| Noda, 2010[38] | Case controlled study | To examine the prediction of coronary risk factors and evaluation of the predictive value for MI among Japanese middle-aged male workers. | Japanese male workers |
cases 50.4 + -5.3, controls 50.4 + -5.5 years | cases 204 and controls 408 | 36 months | N/A |
| Rubins, 1999[39] | RCT | To analyze the role of raising HDL cholesterol level and lowering triglyceride levels to reduce the rate of coronary events in patients with existing cardiovascular disease |
men with coronary heart disease with absence of serious coexisting conditions |
64 + -7 | 1267 (placebo) | 61.2 months | combined incidence of nonfatal MI or death from coronary heart disease |
| Samuelsson, 1994[40] | Prospective cohort | To analyze the importance of DM and HTG as potential risk factors for CHD in middle-aged, treated hypertensive men |
middle aged treated hypertensive men |
52 +/- 2.3 | 686 | 180 months | Non-fatal MI, a fatal MI, a death certificate statement of coronary atherosclerosis as the cause of death |
| Schupf, 2005[41] | Prospective cohort | To investigate the relationship between plasma lipids and risk of death from all causes in non demented elderly |
Community- based sample of Medicare recipients without dementia |
76.1 | 2,277 | Mean 36 +/- 30 months | N/A |
| Sprecher, 2000[42] | Prospective cohort | To evaluate the predictive value of serum triglyceride levels on mortality in post coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) diabetic patients with subsequent analysis by sex |
Diabetic post CABG patients at a large metropolitan hospital |
63 +/- 9 | 1,172 | 84 months | N/A |
| Tanko, 2005[43] | Prospective cohort | To investigate the relative utility of enlarged waist combined with elevated TG (EWET) compared with the National Cholesterol Education Program (MS-NCEP) criteria in estimating future risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality |
Postmenopausal women | 60.4 +/- 7.1 |
557 | 8.5 +/- 0.3 years | N/A |
| Tsai, 2008[44] | Retrospective cohort | To assess the effect of a single and a combination of "pre-disease" risk factors of metabolic syndrome on the overall and cardiac mortality. |
civil servants and teachers 40 years and older |
52.4 + - 8.0 |
35,259 | median follow-up of 15 years | N/A |
| Upmeier, 2009[45] | Prospective cohort | To determine whether high levels of serum total cholesterol and low levels of HDL are related to increased mortality in elderly |
Home dwelling older adults residents in Finland |
70 years | 877 | 144 months | N/A |
| Valdivielso, 2009[46] | Prospective cohort | To study the prevalence, risk factors and vascular disease associated with moderate and sever HTG in an active working population |
Active working population of Spain |
36 ± 10 years | 594,701 | NR | documented prior medical diagnosis of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease |
| Wier, 2003[47] | Prospective cohort | To investigate the relationship between triglyceride and stroke outcome |
nondiabetic patients presenting to acute stroke unit |
Median 70 years |
1310 | mean 1195 days | N/A |
UC/NR: unclear, not reported; TG: Triglycerides; HTG, hypertriglyceridemia; MI, myocardial infarction; DM, diabetes, BP, blood pressure, HTN, hypertension
Triglycerides Conversion: from mg/dL to mmol/L: multiply by (x) 0.01129; from mmol/L to mg/dL: multiply by (x) 88.6