Table 2.
Dose-dependent effect of dairy PM on COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and SAA1 mRNA expression compared to the dose-dependent effect of LPS.
| Gene | PM (μg/ml) | LPS (μg/ml) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 10 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.0 | |
| COX-2 | 10.6 ± 0.2a | 15.9 ± 1.4a | 43.5 ± 2.4a | 14.5 ± 1.3a | 48.2 ± 2.4a | 82.1 ± 4.1a |
| TNF-α | 8.1 ± 0.3a | 19.8 ± 0.6a | 42.5 ± 1.2a | 9.4 ± 1.4a | 16.8 ± 1.4a | 42.2 ± 2.6a |
| IL-6 | 3.2 ± 0.4a | 7.5 ± 0.4a | 22.1 ± 0.7a | 6.2 ± 0.4a | 14.2 ± 1.0a | 25.2 ± 1.1a |
| IL-8 | 9.3 ± 0.4a | 17.4 ± 2.1a | 35.6 ± 1.7a | 12.8 ± 1.4a | 22.5 ± 1.3a | 51.6 ± 1.3a |
| SAA1 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.4a | 4.6 ± 0.3a | 2.0 ± 0.2a | 3.2 ± 0.3a | 7.8 ± 1.2a |
U937 macrophages were treated with 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 μg/ml PM C (size cutoff: 2.1 μm) from dairy farm #57 for 6 h. As a positive control, cells were treated with 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/ml LPS for 6 hours and mRNA was analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Control cells received 1% PBS. Results are normalized to β-actin and given as fold increase of the mRNA levels in treated cells versus controls (= 1). Values are given as mean ± SD of triplicates of three independent experiments
asignificantly increased compared to control cells (p < 0.05)