Table 2.
Ideal and actual levels of involvement of community pharmacists and most appropriate primary-care providers for these services
| Services | Very involved n (%) | Involved n (%) | Little involved n (%) | Not at all involved n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ideal level of involvement | ||||
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Smoking cessation | 478 (84.3) | 85 (15.0) | 4 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
| Physical-activity promotion | 94 (16.6) | 403 (71.1) | 68 (12.0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Healthy eating | 97 (17.2) | 389 (68.8) | 76 (13.5) | 3 (0.5) |
| Weight management | 128 (22.6) | 359 (63.4) | 75 (13.3) | 4 (0.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | 80 (14.1) | 361 (63.8) | 117 (20.7) | 8 (1.4) |
| Dental health | 27 (4.8) | 231 (40.9) | 281 (49.7) | 26 (4.6) |
| Screening for: | ||||
| Hypertension | 464 (81.8) | 96 (16.9) | 7 (1.2) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes | 431 (76.0) | 127 (22.4) | 9 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
| Dyslipidemia | 322 (56.9) | 217 (38.3) | 24 (4.2) | 3 (0.5) |
| Risk of suicide | 138 (24.4) | 266 (47.1) | 148 (26.2) | 13 (2.3) |
| Sexual health | ||||
| Emergency oral contraception |
505 (89.1) | 58 (10.2) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |
| Contraception | 361 (63.7) | 191 (33.7) | 15 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| Counseling with partners when initiating treatment for sexually transmitted diseases | 350 (61.7) | 194 (34.2) | 21 (3.7) | 2 (0.4) |
| Infectious diseases and immunization | ||||
| Travel health | 242 (42.8) | 276 (48.8) | 44 (7.8) | 4 (0.7) |
| Needle-exchange programs | 259 (45.8) | 236 (41.8) | 60 (10.6) | 10 (1.8) |
| Immunization programs | 163 (28.8) | 313 (55.4) | 82 (14.5) | 7 (1.2) |
| Actual level of involvement | ||||
| Lifestyle | 32 (5.7) | 232 (41.3) | 243 (43.2) | 55 (9.8) |
| Screening for hypertension | 252 (44.5) | 267 (47.2) | 42 (7.4) | 5 (0.9) |
| Screening for diabetes | 198 (34.7) | 255 (44.7) | 100 (17.5) | 17 (3.0) |
| Screening for dyslipidemia | 37 (6.5) | 150 (26.5) | 177 (31.3) | 202 (35.7) |
| Sexual health | 109 (19.3) | 274 (48.5) | 147 (26.0) | 35 (6.2) |
| Infectious diseases and immunization | 48 (8.6) | 189 (33.8) | 216 (38.6) | 107 (19.1) |
| Most appropriate providersa | Primary care physicians n (%) | Community pharmacists n (%) | Nurses n (%) |
Other or nonen n (%) |
| Lifestyle | 327 (61.0) | 379 (70.7) | 354 (66.0) | 166 (31.0)b |
| Screening for hypertension | 399 (71.6) | 520 (93.4) | 429 (77.0) | 22 (4.0)c |
| Screening for dyslipidemia | 443 (83.1) | 328 (61.5) | 311 (58.3) | 22(4.2)d |
| Screening for diabetes | 419 (75.2) | 494 (88.7) | 442 (79.4) | 27 (4.9)e |
| Sexual health | 427 (77.6) | 488 (88.7) | 416 (75.6) | 13 (2.3)f |
| Infectious diseases and immunization | 371 (70.3) | 313 (59.3) | 450 (85.2) | 17 (3.2)g |
aMore than one item could be checked.
bOther includes kinesiologists (n = 48); nutritionists (n = 46); physiotherapists (n = 28); personal trainers in gyms (n = 12); dieticians (n = 12); occupational therapists (n = 11); physical educators in schools (n = 10); all health professionals as multidisciplinary teams (n = 7); government (n = 5); public-health agencies (n = 4); technical assistants (n = 2); local community service centre (CLSC) (n = 2); community support groups (n = 2); technicians (n = 2); recreation consultants (n = 1); and pharmacy students (n = 1).
cOther includes technical assistants (n = 9); pharmacy students (n = 3); technicians (n = 3); the patient him/herself (n = 3); and CLSC (n = 2).
dOther includes nutritionists (n = 6); technical assistants (n = 1); CLSC (n = 1); dieticians (n = 1); and pharmacy students (n = 1).
eOther includes technical assistants (n = 8); nutritionists (n = 7); dieticians (n = 3); diabetes clinic (n = 3); CLSC (n = 2); physiotherapists (n = 1); technicians (n = 1); and the patient him/herself (n = 1).
fOther includes CLSC (n = 5); schools (n = 3); public-health agencies (n = 1); and sexologists (n = 1).
gOther includes travel clinic (n = 5); CLSC (n = 4); and public-health agencies (n = 1).