Table 3.
25 most prevalent comorbidities and symptoms in the overall HCV population stratified and compared by antiviral treatment status and control patients without HCV
| Prevalence | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Comorbidity | CCS code |
Comorbidities associated with HCV treatment and disease‡ |
No. of total HCV cases (n = 7411) | % | No. of HCV treated patients (n = 3469) | % | No. of HCV untreated patients (n = 3942) | % | No. of HCV uninfected controls (n = 7411) | % | Odds ratio (95%CI): treated vs untreated * | Odds ratio (95% CI): HCV cases vs. controls |
| 1 | Liver disease, othera | 9.8.2 | C | 2779 | 37.5 | 1451 | 41.8 | 1328 | 33.7 | 221 | 3.0 | 1.34 (1.21-1.47) | 19.67 (16.57-23.36) |
| 2 | Connective tissue disease, otherb | 13.8 | A, D | 2776 | 37.5 | 1200 | 34.6 | 1576 | 40.0 | 2050 | 27.7 | 0.81 (0.74-0.90) | 1.59 (1.48-1.70) |
| 3 | Abdominal pain | 17.1.7 | C | 2675 | 36.1 | 1212 | 34.9 | 1463 | 37.1 | 1029 | 13.9 | 0.90 (0.81-0.99) | 3.55 (3.25-3.87) |
| 4 | Upper respiratory disease, and other | 8.1.5 | A | 2640 | 35.6 | 1204 | 34.7 | 1436 | 36.4 | 2194 | 29.6 | 0.96 (0.87-1.05) | 1.33 (1.24-1.43) |
| 5 | Lower respiratory disease, and other unspecifiedc | 8.8.3 | B° | 2494 | 33.7 | 1197 | 34.5 | 1297 | 32.9 | 1332 | 18.0 | 1.06(0.96-1.17) | 2.39 (2.21-2.59) |
| 6 | Essential hypertension | 7.1.1 | E | 2416 | 32.6 | 1099 | 31.7 | 1317 | 33.4 | 1914 | 25.8 | 0.93 (0.84-1.03) | 1.42 (1.32-1.53) |
| 7 | Back problems, and otherd | 13.3.3 | C | 2409 | 32.5 | 1046 | 30.2 | 13.63 | 34.6 | 1502 | 20.3 | 0.84 (0.76-0.92) | 1.90 (1.76-2.05) |
| 8 | Non-traumatic joint disorders, othere | 13.2.3 | C | 2172 | 29.3 | 877 | 25.3 | 1295 | 32.9 | 1484 | 20.0 | 0.71 (0.64-0.78) | 1.66 (1.53-1.79) |
| 9 | Skin disorders, otherf | 12.4 | A | 2125 | 28.7 | 998 | 28.8 | 1127 | 28.6 | 1649 | 22.3 | 1.06 (0.95-1.17) | 1.40 (1.30-1.51) |
| 10 | Nonspecific chest pain | 7.2.5 | A, C | 1960 | 26.5 | 859 | 24.8 | 1101 | 27.9 | 1154 | 15.6 | 0.84 (0.76-0.94) | 1.98 (1.82-2.15) |
| 11 | Disorders of lipid metabolism | 3.6 | C | 1920 | 25.9 | 813 | 23.4 | 1107 | 28.1 | 2384 | 32.2 | 0.80 (0.72-0.89) | 0.73 (0.68-0.79) |
| 12 | Malaise and fatigue | 17.1.8 | A | 1887 | 25.5 | 933 | 26.9 | 954 | 24.2 | 866 | 11.7 | 1.18 (1.07-1.32) | 2.62 (2.39-2.87) |
| 13 | Gastrointestinal disorders, other and unspecifiedg | 9.12.3 | C | 1807 | 24.4 | 836 | 24.1 | 971 | 24.6 | 708 | 9.6 | 0.93 (0.84-1.04) | 3.11 (2.81-3.43) |
| 14 | Benign neoplasm, other and unspecifiedh | 2.16.2 | Unk | 1798 | 24.3 | 833 | 24.0 | 965 | 24.5 | 1333 | 18.0 | 1.00 (0.90-1.12) | 1.48 (1.36-1.61) |
| 15 | Anemia deficiency, other | 4.1.3 | A | 1648 | 22.2 | 983 | 28.3 | 665 | 16.9 | 441 | 6.0 | 1.99 (1.77-2.23) | 4.57 (4.06-5.14) |
| 16 | Esophageal disordersi | 9.4.1 | E | 1518 | 20.5 | 674 | 19.4 | 844 | 21.4 | 709 | 9.6 | 0.85 (0.76-0.96) | 2.47 (2.24-2.73) |
| 17 | Upper respiratory disease, otherj | 8.9 | A, BP | 1441 | 19.4 | 650 | 18.7 | 791 | 20.1 | 1098 | 14.8 | 0.95 (0.85-1.07) | 1.39 (1.27-1.51) |
| 18 | Allergic reactionsk | 17.1.9 | A | 1104 | 14.9 | 616 | 17.8 | 488 | 12.4 | 714 | 9.6 | 1.60 (1.41-1.83) | 1.64 (1.48-1.81) |
| 19 | Genitourinary symptoms and ill-defined conditionsl | 10.1.8 | Unk | 1098 | 14.8 | 483 | 13.9 | 615 | 15.6 | 677 | 9.1 | 0.89 (0.78-1.01) | 1.73 (1.56-1.92) |
| 20 | Substance-related mental disorders | 5.2.2 | E | 1091 | 14.7 | 443 | 12.8 | 648 | 16.4 | 818 | 3.2 | 1.07 (0.94-1.22 | 1.39 (1.26-1.53) |
| 21 | Blindness and vision defects | 6.7.4 | A | 1078 | 14.6 | 512 | 14.8 | 566 | 14.4 | 818 | 11.0 | 1.07 (0.94-1.22) | 1.80 (1.62-2.01) |
| 22 | Depressive disorder | 5.9.2 | A, B, D | 1028 | 13.9 | 489 | 14.1 | 539 | 13.7 | 312 | 4.2 | 1.06(0.92-1.21) | 3.72 (3.25-4.27) |
| 23 | Diabetes mellitus without complication | 3.2 | B | 1025 | 13.8 | 426 | 12.3 | 599 | 15.2 | 627 | 8.5 | 0.74 (0.65-0.85) | 1.80 (1.62-2.01) |
| 24 | Viral infections, otherm | 1.3.3 | Unk | 1019 | 13.8 | 447 | 12.9 | 572 | 14.5 | 663 | 8.9 | 0.87 (0.76-0.99) | 1.63 (1.47-1.81) |
| 25 | Eye disorders, othern | 6.7.6 | A | 1001 | 13.5 | 499 | 14.4 | 502 | 12.7 | 758 | 10.2 | 1.23 (1.08-1.41) | 1.38 (1.25-1.53) |
CCS Clinical Classification Code
*Odds ratios are adjusted for age, sex, and advanced liver disease status
‡ Comorbidities associated with HCV treatment: (A) conditions associated with inteferon alfa or ribavirin use and (B) concurrent disease for which therapy is contraindicated; and HCV disease: (C) symptoms of HCV disease, (D) extrahepatic manifestations associated with HCV infection, and (E) conditions associated with disease progression; Unk, unknown
a Of the patients who had other liver diseases, they reported abnormal liver function (69.5%), elevated transaminase/lactate dehydrogenase (26.7%), abnormal serum enzyme levels (13.8%), ascites (10.7%), and hepatomegaly (9.0%)
b Of the patients who had other connective tissue disease, they mainly reported pain in limb (38.7%), myalgia and myositis unspecified (18.8%), swelling of limb (12.5%), and spasm of muscle (9.7%)
c Of the patients who had other and unspecified lower respiratory disease, they mainly reported coughs (48.5%), other respiratory abnormalities (35.6%), shortness of breath (34.1%), and other lung disease
e Of the patients who had other non-traumatic joint disorders, they mainly reported joint pain in the leg (25.5%), shoulder (24.1%), ankle (15.9%), and pelvis (14.4%)
f Of the patients who had other skin disorders, they mainly reported other nonspecified skin eruptions (22.3%), sebaceous cyst (14.3%), actinic keratosis (12.3%), and other seborrheic keratosis (10.8%)
g Of the patients who had other unspecified gastrointestinal disorders, they mainly reported diarrhea (26.7%), splenomegaly (20.3%), irritable bowel syndrome (11.9%), and unspecified site of abdominal/pelvic swelling (10.6%)
h Of the patients who had other unspecified benign neoplasm, they mainly reported benign neoplasm of the large bowel (39.2%), skin trunk (14.3%), and unspecified skin (11.5%)
i Of the patients who had esophageal disorders, they mainly reported esophageal reflux (62.6%), reflux esophagitis (21.1%), esophagitis unsepcified (14.5%), and esophageal varices without bleeding (13.7%)
j Of the patients who had other upper respiratory disease, they mainly reported unspecified allergic rhinitis (43.0%), rhinitis due to pollen (13.6%), chronic rhinitis (12.4%), nasal cavity/other sinus disorder (12.2%), epistaxis (11.1%), and deviated nasal septum (11.0%)
k Of the patients who had allergic reactions, they mainly reported unspecified dermatitis (65.9%) and other atopic dermatitis (11.1%)
l Of the patients who had genitourinary symptoms and ill-defined conditions, they mainly reported hematuria (32.0%), urinary frequency (20.1%), and dysuria (18.9%)
m Of the patients who had other viral infections, they mainly reported unspecified viral infections (42.8%), unspecified viral warts (22.0%), and unspecified herpes simplex (11.4%)
n Of the patients who had other eye disorders, they mainly reported unspecified tear film insufficiency (19.7%), other vitreous opacities (15.9%), and vitreous degeneration (9.5%)
o Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be misclassified under lower respiratory disease which is a antiviral treatment contraindication [14]
p Upper respiratory disease, comprising mainly of rhinitis, may reflect an under-diagnosis of thyorid disorders, which is known to be associated with HCV [15].