Table 1.

Description of the regulators in synovial inflammation that could potentially influence macrophage polarization.

Polarizing factors	Mɸ subset promotion	Reference
CYTOKINES
IFNγ + (LPS/TNFα)	M1	Erwig et al. (1998), Wallet et al. (2010)
IL-4 + IL-13	M2	See review Mantovani et al. (2004)
IL-10	M2	See review Mantovani et al. (2004)
Immune complexes	M2	See review Mantovani et al. (2004)
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
IRF3	M2	Biswas et al. (2006)
IRF4	M2	Satoh et al. (2010)
IRF5	Promotes M1, actively inhibits M2	Krausgruber et al. (2011)
NFκB p50	M2	Porta et al. (2009), Biswas et al. (2006)
NR4A	Not yet investigated in Mɸ polarization