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. 2011 Dec 15;141(5):1233–1242. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-1536

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© 2012 American College of Chest Physicians

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Information for commercial entities is available online (http://www.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml).

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Figure 1. — HIF-1α protein in nuclei of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were incubated in hypoxic condition (1% oxygen, 5% CO₂, and 94% N₂) for 24 h. Nuclear protein was extracted, and HIF-1α protein was detected. A, HIF-1α protein was normalized by lamin A. Representative Western blot images are also shown. B, Correlation between HIF-1α protein in nuclei and sputum malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker). *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. H = hypoxia; HIF-1α = hypoxia inducible factor-1α; MDA = malondialdehyde; N = normoxia; NS = nonsmokers; SM = smokers without COPD.