Table 1.

Modulation Effects of Extracellular ATP and Its Metabolites (Direct and Indirect on Cytokine and Second Messenger Expression

Analyte	Action	Source
IL-1	Increased	[19, 60, 62, 134, 135]
IL-1b	Increased	[19, 60, 68, 70, 71, 74, 134, 136-139]
IL-2	Increased Decreased	[48, 63, 140-142]
IL-4	Increased Decreased	[108, 143]
IL-6	Increased Decreased	[62, 108, 138, 144-148]
IL-8	Increased	[19, 82, 149]
IL10	Increased Decreased	[83, 103, 139, 142, 150-153]
IL12	Increased Decreased	[19, 108, 112, 114, 139, 154, 155]
IL-18	Increased	[68, 70, 71]
IL-23	Increased	[19, 137]
TNF-a	Increased Decreased	[19, 136, 144, 150] [108, 136-140, 151, 155]
Interferon γ	Increased	[63, 66, 136]
Thrombospondin 1	Increased	[112, 115]
Prostaglandin E2	Increased	[35, 151, 156]
Prostacyclin	Increased	[23, 157, 158]
Indoleamine 2-3 dioxygenase	Increased	[112, 115]
Intracellular Sodium	Increased	[13]
Intracellular Potassium	Increased Decreased	[68, 71]
Intracellular Calcium	Increased Decreased	[14, 48, 70, 136, 137, 146, 157, 159-163]
Cyclic AMP	Increased	[108, 114, 142, 154, 164, 165]
Cyclic GMP	Increased	[20, 137]
Nitric Oxide	Increased	[20, 43, 74, 137, 150, 157, 158]
Prostaglandin D2	Increased	[23, 164]
Thromboxane B2	Increased	[166]
Arachidonic Acid	Increased	[23, 79, 82]