Table 1.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of successfully genotyped glucose-tolerant Danish individuals from the Inter99 study according to rs1209523 FOXA2 genotype
| rs1209523 | CC | CT | TT | β [95%CI] | p add |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (men/women) | 4,091(1,880/2,211) | 269(133/136) | 8(6/2) | ||
| Age (years) ¥ | 45.2 ± 7.9 | 44.8 ± 7.3 | 45.7 ± 7.2 | ||
| BMI¥ | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 25.8 ± 2.4 | -0.02 [-0.49; 0.45] | 0.9 |
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting¥ | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | -0.03 [-0.07; 0.01] | 0.2 |
| 30-min during an OGTT¥ | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 0.04 [-0.12; 0.21] | 0.6 |
| 120-min during an OGTT¥ | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | -0.02 [-0.14;0.11] | 0.8 |
| Incremental AUC¥ | 181 ± 101 | 186 ± 98 | 185 ± 73 | 5.36 [-6.26; 16.98] | 0.4 |
| Serum insulin (pmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting | 31 (22-45) | 34 (23-49) | 42 (30-50) | 5.0% [-0.9; 10.8] | 0.1 |
| 30-min during an OGTT | 242 (175-344) | 248 (188-346) | 314 (232-425) | 7.9% [2.1; 13.7] | 0.008 |
| 120-min during an OGTT | 136 (86-209) | 137 (94-216) | 212 (120-240) | 9.3% [1.4; 17.3] | 0.02 |
| Incremental AUC | 17,720 (12,540-25,020) | 17,300 (13,680-25,800) | 18,360 (14,250-28,120) | 7.9% [1.6; 14.2] | 0.01 |
| Serum C-peptide (pmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting | 493 (391-631) | 520 (407-663) | 602 (564-726) | 3.8% [0.2; 7.5] | 0.04 |
| 30-min during an OGTT | 1,870 (1,470-2,360) | 1,950 (1,580-2,412) | 2,505 (1,685-2,738) | 4.3% [0.4; 8.2] | 0.03 |
| 120-min during an OGTT | 1,960 (1,480-2,490) | 1,990 (1,580-2,520) | 2,485 (1,975-2,968) | 5.0% [0.6; 9.3] | 0.03 |
| Incremental AUC | 147,800 (117,200-183,200) | 150,700 (122,700-185,400) | 176,500 (150,000-199,400) | 4.6% [0.7; 8.4] | 0.02 |
| Derived indices | |||||
| β-cell function | |||||
| Insulinogenic index | 25.8 (17.9-37.6) | 26.0 (19.6-39.0) | 34.3 (19.7-42.4) | 7.0% [0.5; 13.5] | 0.03 |
| BIGTT-AIR | 1,672 (1,348-2,099) | 1,710 (1,387-2,191) | 1,455 (1,238-2,500) | 3.5% [-1.1; 8.1] | 0.1 |
| HOMA-B | 353 (248-508) | 380 (267-560) | 401 (310-488) | 6.9% [0.9; 12.9] | 0.02 |
| AUCinsulin/AUCglucose | 27.3 (20.2-37.4) | 27.8 (21.1-39.7) | 29.2 (23.2-40.8) | 6.5% [1.2; 11.9] | 0.02 |
| Insulin sensitivity | |||||
| HOMA-IR | 7.4 (5.2-10.9) | 7.9 (5.4-11.8) | 10.5 (7.8-11.8) | 4.4% [-1.6; 10.4] | 0.2 |
| BIGTT-Si¥ | 10.4 ± 3.7 | 10.1 ± 3.7 | 8.6 ± 3.3 | -0.33 [-0.78; 0.12] | 0.2 |
| ISIMatsuda | 25.9 (18.2-35.6) | 24.4 (16.8-34.5) | 19.2 (15.0-26.5) | -5.8% [-11.2; -0.4] | 0.03 |
| β-cell function corrected for insulin sensitivity | |||||
| Disposition index | 3.5 (2.3-5.2) | 3.7 (2.4-5.4) | 3.9 (3.0-4.2) | 2.6% [-4.9; 10.1] | 0.5 |
Data are unadjusted means ± SD¥ or medians (interquartile range). Values of serum insulin, serum c-peptide, and insulin-derived indices were logarithmically transformed prior to statistical analyses, and their effect sizes are presented as the increase/decrease in percent. Effect sizes (β) and p-values shown are for an additive genetic model and are adjusted for age, sex, and BMI where appropriate. CI, confidence interval; add, additive; AUC, area under the curve.